PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian Subages	European Faunal Units	Carboniferous of North America	Mesozoic Subages		South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian													Lujanian		0.129
		Chibanian													Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian													Ensenadan		0.774
		Calabrian													Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian													Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Villanyian				Vorohuean		2.58
											Villanyian				Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
											Ruscinian						3.1 *
		Zanclean															3.6
															Montehermosan		3.7 *
															Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian									Turolian						5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
															Chasicoan		7.9 *
											Vallesian				Chasicoan		8.7
															Mayoan		9.9 *
															Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian									Astaracian				Laventan		11.63
		Serravallian													Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian													Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian													Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian									Orleanian				Friasian		15.98
															Santacrucian		16.2 *
															Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
											Agenian						20
		Aquitanian															20.44
		Aquitanian													Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
		Rupelian															27.82
		Rupelian													Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian													Tinguirirican		33.9
		Priabonian													Divisaderan		35.9 *
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Lutetian													Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian													Mustersan		47.8
		Ypresian													Casamayoran		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian													Riochican		56
															Itaboraian		56.9 *
															Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
		Danian													Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian											Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian				72.1
		Santonian											Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian											Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian											Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian											Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Late Albian				100.5
													Middle Albian				106.2 *
													Early Albian				109.9 *
		Aptian											Late Aptian				113
		Aptian											Early Aptian				119.5 *
		Barremian											Late Barremian/Early Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian											Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian											Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian											Late Berriasian				139.8
													Middle Berriasian				140.6 *
													Early Berriasian				142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			145
		Tithonian											Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian			146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian											Late Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian	152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		174.7
				Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
				Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian		Sevatian		208.5
				Alaunian		213.2 *
				Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian					Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian					Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian	315.2				Atokan
		Bashkirian	Morrowan				318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian				323.2
		Visean	Chesterian				330.9
			Meramecian				335.8 *
			Osagean				343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean				346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian				351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian					358.9
			Middle Famennian					365.3 *
			Early Famennian					368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian					372.2
			Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
			Early Frasnian					379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Late Givetian					382.7
			Middle Givetian					383.7 *
			Early Givetian					385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian					387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian					390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Late Emsian					393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian					398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian					410.8
			Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan			419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran			422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Harju				Porkuni			443.8
		Katian							Pirgu			445.2
									Vormsi			449.6 *
									Nabala			Johvi †	450 *
					Viru				Rakvere				450.6 *
									Oandu				452 *
		Sandbian							Keila			Idavere †	453
									Haljala				453.9
									Kukruse				456.4 *
									Uhaku			Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Uhaku				458.4
									Lasnamagi				458.9 *
									Aseri				460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda				462.9 *
					Kunda				Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
					Volkhov	Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka						467.1 *
		Dapingian			Volkhov							467.3
		Dapingian			Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										470
						Latorp †						470.1 *
					Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian			Hunneberg							477.7
					Varangu							481.3 *
					Pakerort							482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort							485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
																	509