PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Britain				Ordovician of the Baltic			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Central Paratethys Stages	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															Sheridanian				Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian															Sheridanian						0.129
																	Cudahyan/Sappan						0.21
																					Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian																					0.774
																	Senecan/Rexroadian						1.4
																					Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian																			Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																		Vorohuean		2.58
		Piacenzian																			Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
		Zanclean																			Chapadmalalan		3.6
																					Montehermosan		3.7 *
																	Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				Montehermosan		4.7
																					Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																					5.333
		Tortonian														Pannonian							7.246
																					Chasicoan		7.9 *
																	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				Chasicoan		9.4
																					Mayoan		9.9 *
																					Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian														Sarmatian							11.63
																Sarmatian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian						12.5
																Badenian							12.8 *
																Badenian					Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian																			Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian																			Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian																			Friasian		15.98
																					Santacrucian		16.2 *
																	Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				Santacrucian		16.3
																	Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
																	late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian					18.5
		Aquitanian																					20.44
		Aquitanian																			Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian									23.03
																		Monroecreekian					23.1 *
																		Geringian					24.7 *
		Rupelian											Kekeamuan										27.82
																					Tinguirirican		28.9 *
																							29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian											Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian						33.9
																	Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Divisaderan		35.9 *
																							37
		Bartonian											Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan										37.71
		Bartonian															Late Uintan/Early Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian																					41.2
																					Mustersan		41.9 *
																	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian						46.2
		Ypresian												Bumbanian									47.8
																					Casamayoran		47.9 *
																	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean						50.5
																			Cf3/Cf2/Cf1				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Gashatan						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Riochican		56
																			Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Riochican		56.2
																					Itaboraian		56.9 *
																					Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian																					59.2
		Selandian																	To3/To2/To1				60.9
		Danian																					61.6
																					Tiupampan		62.4 *
																			Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		Tiupampan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																					66
		Campanian																					72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		100.5
		Aptian		113
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian					430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
							Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill		Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni	Kosovian		443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan			Pirgu	Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
					Cautleyan							448.9 *
					Pusgillian							449.3 *
			Caradoc		Streffordian			Onnian †				Vormsi	449.6 *
									Berounian			Vormsi	449.7 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
							Viru					Rakvere		450.6 *
					Cheneyan							Rakvere		451.5 *
					Cheneyan							Oandu		452 *
					Burrellian							Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
								Actonian †				Keila		453.2 *
								Actonian †				Haljala		453.9
								Marshbrookian †						Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †							455.2 *
															Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Kukruse					456.4 *
					Aurelucian												456.8 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian									457.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †				457.5 *
											Liben †						458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn												458.4
									Dobrotivian								458.5 *
									Dobrotivian			Lasnamagi					458.9 *
									Oretanian			Lasnamagi					459.7 *
												Aseri					460.4 *
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn												461.3 *
											Sarka †						461.7 *
							Oeland					Kunda					462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum				464.3 *
				Volkhov								Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka					467.1 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †						467.3
									Arenigian								468
			Arenig		Fennian												468.4 *
				Billingen													469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian															470
												Latorp †					470.1 *
					Whitlandian												471.1 *
				Hunneberg	Whitlandian												473.7 *
					Moridunian												474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian				Ungurian		Tremadocian							477.7
					Cressagian													480.8 *
				Varangu														481.3 *
				Pakerort														482.2 *
																		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									Batyrbaian							485.4
																		486.3 *
																		486.5
		Jiangshanian																489.5
											Aksaian							490.7 *
											Sakian							492.2 *
		Paibian									Sakian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †							Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian																	499.5
		Drumian																Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian																Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan																Tuesaian	Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan																	Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4																		509
																		Toyonian		510 *
																		Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3				514												Botomian
		Stage 3				Atdabanian												515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian				521
																							525.5