PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Britain				Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ordovician of China			North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Silurian of North America			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																			Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian																					0.0042
		Greenlandian																					0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Sheridanian						Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian												Sheridanian									0.129
														Cudahyan/Sappan									0.21
																						Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian																					0.774
														Senecan/Rexroadian									1.4
																						Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian																				Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian																				Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																	Yushean		Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian																				Waipipian	3
		Zanclean																				Waipipian	3.6
																						Opoitian	3.7
														Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian									4.7
																				Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																			Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian																				Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																					7.246
														Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian									9.4
																					Southland	Waiauan	11.04
																				Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian																					11.63
														late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian									12.5
																						Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian																		Shanwangian		Lillburnian	13.82
																						Clifdenian	15.1
																					Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian																					15.98
														Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian									16.3
														Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian						Xiejiaan			16.9
														late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian								18.5
																						Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian																				Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian																			Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																					23.03
															Monroecreekian								23.1 *
															Geringian								24.7 *
																						Duntroonian	25.2
																						Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian																					27.82
		Rupelian																					29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian												Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian									33.9
																					Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																						Kaiatan	36.7
																							37
		Bartonian																					37.71
																						Bortonian	39.1
														Late Uintan/Early Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian																					41.2
																					Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																						Heretaungan	45.7
														Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian									46.2
		Ypresian																					47.8
																						Mangaorapan	48.9
														Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean								Mangaorapan	50.5
														Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean								Waipawan	52
																Cf3/Cf2/Cf1						Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian														Cf3/Cf2/Cf1						Teurian	56
		Thanetian														Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							56.2
		Selandian														Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1							59.2
		Selandian														To3/To2/To1							60.9
		Danian		61.6												To3/To2/To1
		Danian		Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian				Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
						Mangaotanean	90.5
						Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian				Arowhanan	93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
						Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				Motuan	100.5
						Urutawan	103.3
					Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian				Korangan	113
		Aptian					117.5
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Wordian	264.28
		Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian								Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian								Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian							Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian								Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian								Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian							433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
											Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan	Clinton								440.1 *
												440.7 *
		Rhuddanian										440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill								Hirnantian	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †			443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	Chientangkiangian					445.2
											Cautleyan						448.9 *
											Pusgillian						449.3 *
						Neichianshanian/Hanjiang					Pusgillian			449.5
			Caradoc								Streffordian			Onnian †			449.6 *
											Cheneyan						451.5 *
											Burrellian						452.7 *
		Sandbian															453
					Actonian †									453.2 *
					Marshbrookian †									Woolstonian †			454.2 *
					Longvillian †												455.2 *
					Longvillian †						Aurelucian						456.8 *
					Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						Aurelucian						457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn						Darriwilian		Guniu †/Hulo				458.4
					Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn								Guniu †/Hulo				461.3 *
												Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo				466.3 *
		Dapingian									Dapingian						467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig		Fennian						Dapingian						468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian						Yiyangian						470
					Whitlandian												471.1 *
					Moridunian												474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian						Xinchangian						Ungurian	477.7
					Migneintian								Lianghekou †					477.9 *
					Cressagian													480.8 *
																		485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10															Late Cambrian	Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian																Batyrbaian	489.5
																		Aksaian	490.7 *
							Sakian											492.2 *
		Paibian					Sakian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †										Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian																499.5
		Drumian						Zhanaarykian										500.5
		Drumian						Tuesaian										503
		Wuliuan						Tuesaian										Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan																Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4																Early Cambrian	509
								Toyonian	510 *
								Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3						Botomian	514
		Stage 3						Atdabanian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2						Tommotian	521
		Stage 2							525.5
		Fortunian							529
																							538.8