PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Britain				Permian of the Pamirs	Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan										Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian																		0.0042
		Greenlandian																		0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene										Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian										Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian										Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian										Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian										Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian																		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean																		3.6
												Hemphillian								4.7
																	Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
												Clarendonian								9.4
																	Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian									Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Serravallian										Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian															Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian																		15.98
												Hemingfordian								16.3
												Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan			16.9
												Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian																		20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Cenozoic 4									23.03
		Rupelian																		27.82
												Whitneyan								29.5
												Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian									Cenozoic 3	Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian										Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian										Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian										Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian									Cenozoic 2	Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian										Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian										Bridgerian								47.8
												Wasatchian								50.5
												Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian										Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian										Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian										Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian										Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian										Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Cretaceous 8							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian									Cretaceous 7							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian									Cretaceous 6							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian																Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian																Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian									Cretaceous 5							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Cretaceous 4							Late Albian		100.5
																		Middle Albian		106.2 *
																		Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian									Cretaceous 3							Late Aptian		113
		Aptian									Cretaceous 3							Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian									Cretaceous 2							Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian									Cretaceous 2							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian									Cretaceous 1							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian																Late Berriasian		139.8
																		Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																		Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Jurassic 6							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *						Jurassic 6								Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian		174.7
					Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
					Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian			Sevatian		208.5
					Alaunian		213.2 *
					Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian			Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian		242
					Pelsonian		243.8 *
					Bithynian		244.7 *
					Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian		251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †				Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian	259.51
		Wordian						Midian	264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian			Permian 3			Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian			Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian				283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian				286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian			Asselian			Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian						Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1					433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill					Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan		445.2
								Cautleyan		448.9 *
						Pusgillian		449.3 *
			Caradoc			Streffordian		Onnian †		449.6 *
						Cheneyan				451.5 *
						Burrellian				452.7 *
		Sandbian							Ordovician 4	453
								Actonian †		453.2 *
								Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
								Longvillian †			455.2 *
						Aurelucian		Longvillian †			456.8 *
						Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn			Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			Ordovician 3		458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Ordovician 3		461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			Ordovician 2		467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig			Fennian					468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian					470
						Whitlandian					471.1 *
						Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc			Migneintian			Ordovician 1		477.7
						Cressagian					480.8 *
						Cressagian					Mansian †	483.55 *
											Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Cambrian 5		Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10									Payntonian				Niuchehean		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian									Iverian				Jiangshanian		489.5
												Aksaian					490.7 *
												Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian									Idamean				Paibian		494
							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian							494.7 *
							Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian							Waergangian †/Youshuanian		494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †			Cambrian 4		Mindyallan		Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
									Boomerangian		Ayusokkanian					499
									Boomerangian		Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian							Undillan					Drumian		500.5
		Drumian							Floran					Drumian		503
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †		Cambrian 3		Templetonian			Amgan/Solvan	Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †				Ordian				Wuliuan/Taijangian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4													Duyunian		509
												Toyonian		Lenian †			510 *
												Toyonian					510.8 *
					Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian				Cambrian 2			Nangaoian			514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian							Nangaoian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian							Meishucunian			521
		Stage 2			Nemakit-Daldynian										525.5
		Fortunian							Cambrian 1					Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian							Cambrian 1			Jinnigian		Manykaian †	530.7
																				538.8