PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Britain				Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Britain		Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Ammonite Chrons of North America		European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Gelasian																MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †															MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian																MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean																MN 15	3.6
																		MN 14	4.2
																		MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian																MN 12	7.246
																		MN 11	7.75
																		MN 10	8.7
																		MN 9	9.7
																		MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian																MN 7 + 8	11.63
		Serravallian																MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian																MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian																MN 4	15.98
																		MN 3	16.9
																		MN 2	20
		Aquitanian																MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian																MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Lancian/Edmontonian	Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								66
		Campanian								Judithian/Aquilan	Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								72.1
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian								89.8
		Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian								100.5
											Middle Albian								106.2 *
											Early Albian								109.9 *
		Aptian									Late Aptian								113
		Aptian									Early Aptian								119.5 *
		Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian								121.4
		Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								125.77
		Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian								139.8
											Middle Berriasian								140.6 *
											Early Berriasian								142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							145
		Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian								149.2
		Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian								152.2 *
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian							157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian									Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								165.3
		Bajocian									Late Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras			168.2
											Late Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.4
											Early Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.6 *
		Aalenian									Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Late Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			174.7
																Planulata			179.3 *
																	Arnioceras arnouldi		179.8 *
											Middle Toarcian								180.4 *
																Kanense			181.3 *
																Carlottense			182.3 *
				Early Toarcian	182.9 *											Carlottense
				Early Toarcian	Kunae	183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	Kunae	184.2
					Freboldi	185.1 *
					Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
					Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			192.9
					Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras	196.4 *
					Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian		Sevatian				208.5
				Alaunian				213.2 *
				Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian				227
		Carnian		Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian				237
		Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian				251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian						283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian						Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian							372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian							387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Lochkovian							410.8
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ashgill	Hirnantian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan		Pirgu	445.2
										Cautleyan			448.9 *
										Pusgillian			449.3 *
									Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	Vormsi	449.6 *
													Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
											Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
										Cheneyan			Rakvere		451.5 *
										Cheneyan			Oandu		452 *
										Burrellian			Oandu		452.7 *
		Sandbian											Keila	Idavere †	453
												Actonian †	Keila		453.2 *
												Actonian †	Haljala		453.9
												Marshbrookian †			Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †						455.2 *
												Kukruse	456.4 *
					Aurelucian		456.8 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				Uhaku		Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				Uhaku			458.4
										Lasnamagi			458.9 *
										Aseri			460.4 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				Aseri			461.3 *
										Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
											Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian												467.3
					Arenig	Fennian								468.4 *
											Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
						Whitlandian								471.1 *
				Hunneberg		Whitlandian					473.7 *
						Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian	477.7
					Cressagian	480.8 *
				Varangu		481.3 *
				Pakerort		482.2 *
						485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Merioneth					Dolgellian/Trempealeauan			485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
											Festiniogian			489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						489.5			Festiniogian
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian			493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †		St Davids						497
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan												Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4												Caerfai	509
	Series 2	Stage 3													514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2													521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian													529
																			538.8