PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Ordovician of Britain				Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan								Cenozoic 6					Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene												Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian												Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.129
															Irvingtonian			0.21
																	Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian												Early Pleistocene				0.774
															Blancan			1.4
																	Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian															Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian															Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											Late Pliocene			Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian												Late Pliocene			Waipipian	3
		Zanclean												Early Pliocene			Waipipian	3.6
																	Opoitian	3.7
															Hemphillian		Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian												Late Miocene		Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian															Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																7.246
															Clarendonian			9.4
																Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian								Cenozoic 5				Middle Miocene				11.63
															Barstovian			12.5
																	Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian															Lillburnian	13.82
																	Clifdenian	15.1
																Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian												Early Miocene				15.98
															Hemingfordian			16.3
															Arikareean			18.5
																	Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian															Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian														Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4				Late Oligocene			Waitakian	23.03
																	Duntroonian	25.2
																	Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian												Early Oligocene				27.82
															Whitneyan			29.5
															Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian								Cenozoic 3				Late Eocene	Chadronian			33.9
																Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																	Kaiatan	36.7
															Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian												Middle Eocene				37.71
																	Bortonian	39.1
															Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2								41.2
																Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																	Heretaungan	45.7
															Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian												Early Eocene				47.8
																	Mangaorapan	48.9
															Wasatchian		Mangaorapan	50.5
															Wasatchian		Waipawan	52
															Clarkforkian		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Cenozoic 1				Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian		Teurian	56
		Thanetian												Late Paleocene	Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian												Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian												Early Paleocene	Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian												Early Paleocene	Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6					Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
									Mangaotanean	90.5
									Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5					Arowhanan	93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
									Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4					Motuan	100.5
									Urutawan	103.3
								Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3					Korangan	113
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3						117.5
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									259.51
		Wordian									264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3							266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2							273.01
		Artinskian									283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5							298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5							303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4							307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3							323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2							330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1							346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5							Late Famennian	358.9
											Middle Famennian	365.3 *
											Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Devonian 4							Late Frasnian	372.2
											Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
											Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3							Late Givetian	382.7
											Middle Givetian	383.7 *
											Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian									Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian	410.8
				Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ashgill		Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian			Rawtheyan		445.2
					Cautleyan		448.9 *
					Pusgillian		449.3 *
			Caradoc		Streffordian		Onnian †		449.6 *
					Cheneyan			451.5 *
					Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian				Ordovician 4		453
							Actonian †	453.2 *
							Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
							Longvillian †		455.2 *
					Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
					Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Ordovician 3		458.4
		Darriwilian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Ordovician 3		461.3 *
		Dapingian			Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Ordovician 2		467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig		Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Fennian				470
					Whitlandian				471.1 *
					Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc		Migneintian		Ordovician 1		Ungurian		477.7
			Tremadoc		Cressagian						480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5		Batyrbaian		Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian			489.5
									Aksaian	490.7 *
									Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian							Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †		Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian								Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian								Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †	Tuesaian		Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †				505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4									Early Cambrian		509
										Toyonian			510 *
										Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3								Botomian		Cambrian 2	514
		Stage 3								Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian			521
		Stage 2											525.5
		Fortunian										Cambrian 1	529
																		538.8