PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of North America			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian Epochs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan														Cenozoic 6	0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Chibanian															0.129
		Calabrian															0.774
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian														Cenozoic 5	11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						Cenozoic 4	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian							Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian						Cenozoic 4	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian							Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian							Cenozoic 3	33.9
		Bartonian							Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							Cenozoic 3	37.71
		Lutetian														Cenozoic 2	41.2
		Ypresian								Bumbanian						Cenozoic 2	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Gashatan							Cenozoic 1	56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian					Cretaceous 4	100.5
											Middle Albian						106.2 *
											Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian									Late Aptian					Cretaceous 3	113
		Aptian									Early Aptian					Cretaceous 3	119.5 *
		Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian					Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian						139.8
											Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
											Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				Jurassic 6	145
		Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				Jurassic 6	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian					Jurassic 5	149.2
		Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian									Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian									Late Bajocian			Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites			168.2
											Late Bajocian				Humphresianum		168.4
											Early Bajocian				Humphresianum		168.6 *
		Aalenian									Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Late Toarcian			Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense		174.7
											Late Toarcian						180.1
											Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
											Middle Toarcian			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
											Early Toarcian			Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian									Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian									Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian									Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian									Sevatian						208.5
											Alaunian						213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian	Triassic 3	227
		Carnian		Julian	Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian			Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5		Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian					Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4		307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3		323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2		330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Devonian 3		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			Devonian 3		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Devonian 2		393.3
		Pragian			Devonian 1		407.6
		Lochkovian			Devonian 1		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan		Silurian 2	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran			422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan		Clinton			440.1 *
										440.7 *
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							Ordovician 5	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu	445.2
											Vormsi	449.6 *
											Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian							Ordovician 4		Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							Ordovician 3		Uhaku		458.4
											Lasnamagi		458.9 *
											Aseri		460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda		462.9 *
											Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
											Volkhov		Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian							Ordovician 2		Volkhov			467.3
		Dapingian									Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
												Latorp †		470.1 *
											Hunneberg			473.7 *
		Tremadocian							Ordovician 1		Hunneberg			477.7
											Varangu			481.3 *
											Pakerort			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian		Pakerort	Cambrian 5			485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †					Middle Cambrian			Cambrian 4			497
		Drumian				500.5						Cambrian 4
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †						Cambrian 3			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Early Cambrian			Cambrian 3			509
	Series 2	Stage 3										Cambrian 2			514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Cambrian 2			521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian										Cambrian 1			529
																	538.8