PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of North America			Cambrian of Siberia			Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of West Avalonia	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of China	Devonian Subages	Permian of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6			Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene													Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian													Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian													Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian													Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian													Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
		Zanclean																	3.6
		Zanclean													Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Tortonian													Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian										Cenozoic 5			Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian													Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
															Hemingfordian				16.3
															Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4							23.03
		Rupelian																	27.82
															Whitneyan				29.5
															Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3			Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian													Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian													Duchesnean				37.71
		Bartonian													Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian										Cenozoic 2			Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian													Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian													Bridgerian				47.8
															Wasatchian				50.5
															Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Cenozoic 1			Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian													Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian													Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian													Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian													Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian													Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Cretaceous 8							66
		Campanian										Cretaceous 7							72.1
		Santonian										Cretaceous 6							83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian										Cretaceous 5							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Cretaceous 4							100.5
		Aptian										Cretaceous 3							113
		Barremian										Cretaceous 2							121.4
		Hauterivian										Cretaceous 2							125.77
		Valanginian										Cretaceous 1							132.6
		Berriasian										Cretaceous 1							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Jurassic 6							145
		Kimmeridgian										Jurassic 5							149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian										Jurassic 4							165.3
		Bajocian										Jurassic 4							168.2
		Aalenian										Jurassic 3							170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										Jurassic 3							174.7
		Pliensbachian										Jurassic 2							184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4	208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3	227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2	242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1	Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4		Meishanian	251.902
		Changhsingian				Baoqingian	253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Laoshanian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Lengwuan	Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	Kuhfengian	Wordian	264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3		Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Kuhfengian	Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2			Luodianian	Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian							Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian								283.5
							Longlinian			285.4 *
								Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian							Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1			Zisongian		Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5			Zisongian			298.9
		Gzhelian								300.1
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5						Late Famennian	358.9
										Middle Famennian	365.3 *
										Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Devonian 4						Late Frasnian	372.2
										Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
										Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3						Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian								Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian								Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2						Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	Devonian 2						398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian						410.8
				Middle Lochkovian						412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian						415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Cayugan	Silurian 2							419.2
	Pridoli		Niagaran								422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian							Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan	Clinton									440.1 *
													440.7 *
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian										Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian										Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian										Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian										Ordovician 2	470
		Tremadocian										Ordovician 1	477.7
		Tremadocian										Ordovician 1	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Cambrian 5	485.4
		Jiangshanian										Batyrbaian				489.5
												Aksaian				490.7 *
												Sakian				492.2 *
		Paibian														494
		Paibian												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian			Cambrian 4	497
													Ayusokkanian				Arcadian	498.4
													Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian			500.5								Mayan/Menevian
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †								Amgan/Solvan			Cambrian 3		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Amgan/Solvan				Branchian	509
						Toyonian							Lenian †	510 *
						Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian								Cambrian 2		514
						Atdabanian										515.6 *
						Atdabanian										Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian											521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian											525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian		Manykaian †	Cambrian 1				529
																			538.8