PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of North America			Permian of the Pamirs	Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Ammonite Chrons of North America			South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Late Pleistocene						Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene						Lujanian		0.129
		Chibanian								Middle Pleistocene						Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian								Early Pleistocene						Ensenadan		0.774
		Calabrian														Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian														Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Late Pliocene						Vorohuean		2.58
		Piacenzian								Late Pliocene						Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
		Zanclean								Early Pliocene						Chapadmalalan		3.6
																Montehermosan		3.7 *
																Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian								Late Miocene								5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
																Chasicoan		7.9 *
																Mayoan		9.9 *
																Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian								Middle Miocene						Laventan		11.63
		Serravallian														Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian														Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian														Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian								Early Miocene						Friasian		15.98
																Santacrucian		16.2 *
																Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
		Aquitanian														Colhuehuapian		20.44
		Aquitanian														Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian						23.03
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan							27.82
		Rupelian								Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan					Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian								Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					Tinguirirican		33.9
		Priabonian								Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian					Divisaderan		35.9 *
		Bartonian								Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan							37.71
		Lutetian																41.2
		Lutetian														Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian								Early Eocene		Bumbanian				Mustersan		47.8
		Ypresian								Early Eocene		Bumbanian				Casamayoran		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian								Late Paleocene	Gashatan					Riochican		56
																Itaboraian		56.9 *
																Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian								Middle Paleocene								59.2
		Danian								Early Paleocene								61.6
		Danian								Early Paleocene						Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																66
		Campanian																72.1
		Santonian																83.6
		Coniacian																86.3
		Turonian																89.8
		Cenomanian																93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																100.5
		Aptian																113
		Barremian																121.4
		Hauterivian																125.77
		Valanginian																132.6
		Berriasian																139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																145
		Kimmeridgian																149.2
		Oxfordian																154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																161.5
		Bathonian																165.3
		Bajocian											Epizigzagiceras					168.2
		Bajocian											Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense					168.4
		Aalenian											Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta					174.7
													Planulata					179.3 *
													Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi			179.8 *
				Kanense	181.3 *
				Carlottense	182.3 *
				Kunae	183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae	184.2
				Freboldi	185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian				192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras	196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian	251.902
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	Zechstein				254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	Zechstein				Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian	Rotliegendes					Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian						Midian						Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian						Urzhumian	266.2 *
		Roadian											Kazanian	Povolzhian	266.9
		Roadian											Kazanian	Sokian	270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian					Kungurian	Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
								Kubergandian						Filipovian	276.5 *
								Bolorian						Filipovian	279.8
														Saraninian	280.1 *
		Artinskian							Autunian				Artinskian	Sarginian	283.5
														Irginian	285.9 *
								Yakhtashian						Irginian	286
								Yakhtashian						Burtsevian	287.8 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian				Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian						Asselian				Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
											Uskalykian		294.8
											Surenian		297.5
											Surenian		Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9		Kuzel
											Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
												Stephanian B	300.9 *
												Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian										Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian										Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian										Cantabrian	307
											Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
												Westphalian C	309.8
												Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian										Westphalian B	315.2
												Westphalian A	317 *
											Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
												Marsdenian	320.2 *
												Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
												Alportian	322 *
												Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										Chokierian	323.2
												Arnsbergian	324 *
												Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean									Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
											Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
											Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian									Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian									Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian											387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian											393.3
		Pragian											407.6
		Lochkovian											410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran								422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian											423
	Ludlow	Gorstian		425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Lockportian		427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian		Ontarian		433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
						Alexandrian							438.7 *
				Medinan	Clinton								440.1 *
													440.7 *
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian					445.2
		Sandbian					453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian					467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian					477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †						497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
																		509