PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of North America			Mesozoic Subages		European Faunal Units	Permian of the Pamirs	North American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan											Saintaugustinean	0
		Meghalayan											Santarosean	0.0004
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene												0.0117
		Late Pleistocene											Rancholabrean	0.014
		Chibanian											Rancholabrean	0.129
		Chibanian											Irvingtonian	0.21
		Calabrian											Irvingtonian	0.774
		Calabrian											Blancan	1.4
		Gelasian												1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Villanyian			2.58
		Piacenzian									Ruscinian			3.1 *
		Zanclean												3.6
		Zanclean											Hemphillian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									Turolian			5.333
		Tortonian									Turolian			7.246
											Vallesian			8.7
											Vallesian		Clarendonian	9.4
		Serravallian									Astaracian		Clarendonian	11.63
		Serravallian											Barstovian	12.5
		Langhian												13.82
		Burdigalian									Orleanian			15.98
													Hemingfordian	16.3
													Arikareean	18.5
											Agenian			20
		Aquitanian									Agenian			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian												23.03
		Rupelian												27.82
													Whitneyan	29.5
													Orellan	31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian											Chadronian	33.9
		Priabonian											Duchesnean	37
		Bartonian											Duchesnean	37.71
		Bartonian											Uintan	39.7
		Lutetian											Uintan	41.2
		Lutetian											Bridgerian	46.2
		Ypresian											Bridgerian	47.8
													Wasatchian	50.5
													Clarkforkian	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Clarkforkian	56
		Thanetian											Tiffanian	56.2
		Selandian											Tiffanian	59.2
		Selandian											Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian											Torrejonian	61.6
		Danian											Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian							Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian							Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Late Albian					100.5
									Middle Albian					106.2 *
									Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian							Late Aptian					113
		Aptian							Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian							Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian							Late Berriasian					139.8
									Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
									Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *					Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites	168.2
				Late Bajocian			Humphresianum	168.4
				Early Bajocian			Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	174.7
				Late Toarcian				180.1
				Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
				Middle Toarcian		Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182
				Early Toarcian		Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian		Sevatian				208.5
				Alaunian				213.2 *
				Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian				227
		Carnian		Julian				233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian				237
		Ladinian		Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian				242
				Pelsonian				243.8 *
				Bithynian				244.7 *
				Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian				247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian				248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian				251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian				251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Dorashamian	Melekhovian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †		Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian	259.51
		Wordian									264.28
									Noginskian		264.9 *
										Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian								Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian	273.01
									Pavlovoposadian	Kubergandian	276.8 *
										Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian								Bolorian	283.5
			Yakhtashian							286
			Yakhtashian						Rusavkinian	287.6 *
		Sakmarian	Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian	Asselian							293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian							Dorogomilovian		303.7
									Khamovnikian		304.8
									Krevyakinian		305.8 *
		Moscovian							Middle Pennsylvanian	Myachkovian	307
										Podolskian	308.9 *
										Kashirian	311.4 *
										Vereian	313.8
										Melekessian	314.8
		Bashkirian							Early Pennsylvanian	Melekessian	315.2
										Cheremshanian	316.9 *
										Prikamian	318.6 *
										Severokeltmian	319.9 *
										Krasnopolyanian	321.2 *
										Voznesenian	321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Late Mississippian	Zapaltjubian	323.2
										Protvian	324.4 *
										Steshevian	326.8 *
										Tarusian	329 *
		Visean			Middle Mississippian				Venevian	330.9
									Mikhailovian	331.9 *
									Aleksinian	333.7 *
									Tulian	335.8 *
									Bobrikian	339.9 *
									Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Early Mississippian				Kosvian	346.7
							Kizelian		350.7 *
							Cherepetian		351.9 *
							Karakubian		354.4 *
							Upinian		356.3 *
							Malevkian		357.6 *
							Gumerovian		358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian				393.3
		Pragian				407.6
		Lochkovian				410.8
Silurian	Pridoli					Cayugan			419.2
	Pridoli					Niagaran			422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan			Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian								489.5
		Paibian								494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
														538.8