PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of North America			Ammonite Chrons of North America			Cambrian Epochs	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Mesozoic Subages
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																						2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																							3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																							5.333
		Tortonian																							7.246
		Serravallian																							11.63
		Langhian																							13.82
		Burdigalian																							15.98
		Aquitanian																							20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																							23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																							27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																							33.9
		Bartonian																							37.71
		Lutetian																							41.2
		Ypresian																							47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																							56
		Selandian																							59.2
		Danian																							61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian																		Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian																		Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian																		Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian																		Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian																		Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		Late Albian					100.5
																				Middle Albian					106.2 *
																				Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian																		Late Aptian					113
		Aptian																		Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian																		Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian																		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian																		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian																		Late Berriasian					139.8
																				Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
																				Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian																		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian																		Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian																		Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian																		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian																			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian																		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras											Late Bajocian					168.2
									Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense											Late Bajocian					168.4
									Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense											Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian							Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni											Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta											Late Toarcian					174.7
									Planulata																179.3 *
											Arnioceras arnouldi														179.8 *
																				Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
									Kanense																181.3 *
									Carlottense																182.3 *
									Carlottense											Early Toarcian					182.9 *
									Kunae											Early Toarcian					183.5 *
		Pliensbachian							Kunae											Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
									Freboldi																185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras															186.2 *
										Tetraspidoceras															189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis															190.3 *
		Sinemurian																		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras														196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites																196.5 *
		Hettangian							Franziceras/Euphyllites											Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																							201.4
		Norian		Sevatian	208.5
				Alaunian	213.2 *
				Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian	227
		Carnian		Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan	Ohesaare	419.2
					Cayugan	Kaugetuma	421.7 *
					Niagaran	Kaugetuma	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian				Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian				Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian	Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian				Lockportian	Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian	Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian				438.7 *
							Raikkula					439.4 *
					Medinan	Clinton						440.1 *
												440.7 *
		Rhuddanian										440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru					441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Kosovian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian						Kralodvorian						Gamachian		Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
														Richmondian			Pirgu	446 *
																	Vormsi	449.6 *
								Berounian		449.7 *
										Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian				449.8 *
									Nabala	Maysvillian	Johvi †						450 *
									Nabala	Edenian							450.4 *
									Viru	Edenian					Rakvere		450.6 *
										Mohawkian			Chatfieldian		Rakvere		451.1 *
															Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian									Keila				Idavere †		453
											Keila		Turinian				453.7 *
											Haljala						453.9
											Haljala						Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
											Kukruse								456.4 *
										Whiterockian	Kukruse			Canadian †					Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
											Uhaku				Aluoja †					457.5 *
																Liben †				458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian																		458.4
								Dobrotivian												458.5 *
								Dobrotivian			Lasnamagi									458.9 *
				Oretanian				459.7 *			Lasnamagi
								Aseri			460.4 *
			Sarka †					Aseri								461.7 *
								Oeland	Kunda							462.9 *
									Kunda						Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
									Volkhov							Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian	Klabava †															467.3
				Arenigian														468
													Rangerian					469.1 *
									Billingen				Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ibexian			Blackhillsian					Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
															Latorp †					470.1 *
									Hunneberg											473.7 *
													Tulean							473.9 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadocian										Tulean							477.7
													Stairsian							480.3 *
									Varangu				Stairsian							481.3 *
									Varangu				Skullrockian						Demingian †	482 *
									Pakerort											482.2 *
																				Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Late Cambrian											Batyrbaian	Tavgian †			Ketyan †/Yurakian				485.4
																						486.3 *
																						486.5
																						487.5
		Jiangshanian																				489.5
														Aksaian								490.7 *
														Sakian								492.2 *
		Paibian																				494
		Paibian																Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian				494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †											Middle Cambrian	Ayusokkanian								497
		Guzhangian													Mayan/Menevian								499.5
		Drumian													Mayan/Menevian								500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †								Amgan/Solvan	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4													Early Cambrian								Amgan/Solvan	509
																		Toyonian					Lenian †	510 *
																		Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3																Botomian						514
		Stage 3																Atdabanian						515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2																Tommotian						521
		Stage 2				Nemakit-Daldynian												525.5
		Fortunian				Nemakit-Daldynian												Manykaian †					529
																									538.8