PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of England		South American Land Mammal Ages		Cambrian of North America		Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Silurian of North America			Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Lujanian															0.0117
		Chibanian						Lujanian															0.129
		Chibanian						Ensenadan															0.3 *
		Calabrian						Ensenadan															0.774
		Calabrian						Sanandresian	Uquian †														1.7 *
		Gelasian						Sanandresian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Vorohuean															2.58
		Piacenzian						Chapadmalalan															2.9 *
		Zanclean						Chapadmalalan															3.6
								Montehermosan															3.7 *
								Huayquerian															4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																					5.333
		Tortonian																					7.246
								Chasicoan															7.9 *
								Mayoan															9.9 *
								Laventan															10.9 *
		Serravallian						Laventan															11.63
		Serravallian						Colloncuran															13.7 *
		Langhian						Colloncuran															13.82
		Langhian						Friasian															15.4 *
		Burdigalian						Friasian															15.98
								Santacrucian															16.2 *
								Colhuehuapian															17.4 *
		Aquitanian						Colhuehuapian															20.44
		Aquitanian						Deseadan															20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																					23.03
		Rupelian																					27.82
		Rupelian						Tinguirirican															28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian						Tinguirirican															33.9
		Priabonian						Divisaderan															35.9 *
		Bartonian																					37.71
		Lutetian																					41.2
		Lutetian						Mustersan															41.9 *
		Ypresian						Mustersan															47.8
		Ypresian						Casamayoran															47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Riochican															56
								Itaboraian															56.9 *
								Peligran															58.9 *
		Selandian																					59.2
		Danian																					61.6
		Danian						Tiupampan															62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																					66
		Campanian																					72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian																					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																					100.5
		Aptian																					113
		Barremian																					121.4
		Hauterivian																					125.77
		Valanginian																					132.6
		Berriasian																					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																					145
		Kimmeridgian																					149.2
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Bathonian																					165.3
		Bajocian																					168.2
		Aalenian																					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																					174.7
		Pliensbachian																					184.2
		Sinemurian																					192.9
		Hettangian																					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian				Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian		Noginskian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.9 *
		Roadian				Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Kungurian		Pavlovoposadian			276.8 *
		Artinskian		Pavlovoposadian			283.5
		Artinskian		Rusavkinian			287.6 *
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian			303.7
				Khamovnikian			304.8
				Krevyakinian			305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian			307
				Podolskian			308.9 *
				Kashirian			311.4 *
				Vereian			313.8
				Melekessian			314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian			315.2
				Cheremshanian			316.9 *
				Prikamian			318.6 *
				Severokeltmian			319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian			321.2 *
				Voznesenian			321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian			323.2
				Protvian			324.4 *
				Steshevian			326.8 *
				Tarusian			329 *
		Visean		Venevian			330.9
				Mikhailovian			331.9 *
				Aleksinian			333.7 *
			Tulian	335.8 *
			Bobrikian	339.9 *
			Radaevkian	343.4 *
		Tournaisian	Kosvian	346.7
			Kizelian	350.7 *
			Cherepetian	351.9 *
			Karakubian	354.4 *
			Upinian	356.3 *
			Malevkian	357.6 *
			Gumerovian	358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		393.3
		Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli			Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle			Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Cayugan	419.2
							Bringewood/Elton	Cayugan	421.3
							Bringewood/Elton	Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Coalbrookdale			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian							425.6
		Gorstian					Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Buildwas		Lockportian	427.4
		Homerian		Wych			Woolhope		Lockportian	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian							Ontarian	433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
				Cowleigh Park							439.3 *
								Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian									Gamachian	445.2
						Richmondian					446 *
						Maysvillian					Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
						Edenian						450.4 *
						Mohawkian				Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian								Chatfieldian		453
										Turinian		453.7 *
						Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
		Dapingian											467.3
		Dapingian								Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian				Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian								Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian								Tulean				Ungurian	477.7
										Stairsian					480.3 *
										Skullrockian			Demingian †		482 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Skullrockian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian				Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
						Sunwaptan											Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		487.5
																	Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian																	489.5
												Aksaian							490.7 *
												Sakian							492.2 *
						Steptoean													493 *
																	Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian															Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †					Marjumian	Albertian †				Ayusokkanian	St Davids			497
																Ayusokkanian				Arcadian	498.4
																					499.5
		Drumian														Zhanaarykian					500.5
		Drumian														Tuesaian					503
		Wuliuan									Stage 5 †					Tuesaian					Topazan	504.5
																					Topazan	505.3
																					Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4										Waucoban †					Branchian			Caerfai		509
																Toyonian						510 *
																Toyonian					Dyeran	511 *
																Botomian						512.5 *
		Stage 3																				514
																					Montezuman	514.8 *
			Atdabanian													515.6 *
																Placentian	517.1
																	Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian																		521
		Stage 2																			525.5
		Fortunian																			529
																							538.8