PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of England		Cenozoic Subepochs	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of the Baltic				North American Land Mammal Ages	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan													Saintaugustinean		0
		Meghalayan													Santarosean		0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean		0.014
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene							Rancholabrean		0.129
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene							Irvingtonian		0.21
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene							Irvingtonian		0.774
		Calabrian													Blancan		1.4
		Gelasian														MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Late Pliocene								MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian						Late Pliocene								MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene								MN 15	3.6
																MN 14	4.2
															Hemphillian	MN 14	4.7
																MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene								MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian														MN 12	7.246
																MN 11	7.75
																MN 10	8.7
															Clarendonian	MN 10	9.4
																MN 9	9.7
																MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene									11.63
															Barstovian		12.5
																MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian														MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene								MN 4	15.98
															Hemingfordian	MN 4	16.3
															Hemingfordian	MN 3	16.9
															Arikareean	MN 3	18.5
																MN 2	20
		Aquitanian														MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian														MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene									23.03
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene									27.82
															Whitneyan		29.5
															Orellan		31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene							Chadronian		33.9
		Priabonian						Late Eocene							Duchesnean		37
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene							Duchesnean		37.71
		Bartonian													Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian													Uintan		41.2
		Lutetian													Bridgerian		46.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene							Bridgerian		47.8
															Wasatchian		50.5
															Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene							Clarkforkian		56
		Thanetian						Late Paleocene							Tiffanian		56.2
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene							Tiffanian		59.2
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene							Torrejonian		60.9
		Danian						Early Paleocene							Torrejonian		61.6
		Danian						Early Paleocene							Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Senonian							66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Gallic							100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian								Neocomian							125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			145
		Kimmeridgian			149.2
		Oxfordian			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian			165.3
		Bajocian			168.2
		Aalenian			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			174.7
		Pliensbachian			184.2
		Sinemurian			192.9
		Hettangian			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			201.4
		Norian			208.5
		Carnian			227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				259.51
		Wordian				264.28
		Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian					305.9
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Adorf		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Eifelian		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Emsian		393.3
		Pragian					Siegen		407.6
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli						Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle		Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Coalbrookdale		Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian					Wych		Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian	438.5
		Aeronian	Cowleigh Park				439.3 *
		Rhuddanian	Cowleigh Park				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju	Porkuni		443.8
		Katian						Pirgu		445.2
								Vormsi		449.6 *
								Nabala		Johvi †	450 *
							Viru	Rakvere			450.6 *
								Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian						Keila		Idavere †	453
								Haljala			453.9
								Kukruse			456.4 *
				Uhaku				Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		Uhaku						458.4
				Lasnamagi						458.9 *
				Aseri						460.4 *
				Oeland			Kunda			462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum		464.3 *
							Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Volkhov				467.3
		Dapingian					Billingen				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian									470
								Latorp †			470.1 *
							Hunneberg				473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Hunneberg				Ungurian	477.7
							Varangu					481.3 *
							Pakerort					482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort				Batyrbaian	Late Cambrian	485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
											Aksaian		490.7 *
					Sakian						492.2 *
		Paibian			Sakian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †						Ayusokkanian	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian											499.5
		Drumian									Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian									Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan									Tuesaian		Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											Early Cambrian	509
						Toyonian					510 *
						Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3				Botomian					514
		Stage 3				Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian					521
		Stage 2									525.5
		Fortunian									529
																	538.8