PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian of England		Permian of the Pamirs	Central Paratethys Stages	Silurian of the Baltic	North American Land Mammal Ages	Permian of China	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan									Saintaugustinean						0
		Meghalayan									Santarosean						0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene															0.0117
		Late Pleistocene									Rancholabrean						0.014
		Chibanian									Rancholabrean						0.129
		Chibanian									Irvingtonian						0.21
		Calabrian									Irvingtonian						0.774
		Calabrian									Blancan						1.4
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														2.58
		Zanclean															3.6
		Zanclean									Hemphillian						4.7
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian							Pannonian								7.246
		Tortonian							Pannonian		Clarendonian						9.4
		Serravallian							Sarmatian		Clarendonian						11.63
									Sarmatian		Barstovian						12.5
									Badenian								12.8 *
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
											Hemingfordian						16.3
											Arikareean						18.5
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
		Rupelian															27.82
											Whitneyan						29.5
											Orellan						31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian									Chadronian						33.9
		Priabonian									Duchesnean						37
		Bartonian									Duchesnean						37.71
		Bartonian									Uintan						39.7
		Lutetian									Uintan						41.2
		Lutetian									Bridgerian						46.2
		Ypresian									Bridgerian						47.8
											Wasatchian						50.5
											Clarkforkian						54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Clarkforkian						56
		Thanetian									Tiffanian						56.2
		Selandian									Tiffanian						59.2
		Selandian									Torrejonian						60.9
		Danian									Torrejonian						61.6
		Danian									Puercan						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian													Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian													Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian													Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian													Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian													Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian													Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian													Late Albian		100.5
															Middle Albian		106.2 *
															Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian													Late Aptian		113
		Aptian													Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian													Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian													Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian													Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian													Late Berriasian		139.8
															Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
															Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian													Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian													Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian													Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian	152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian	168.2
						Late Bajocian	Humphresianum	168.4
						Early Bajocian	Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		Thouarsense	Late Toarcian	174.7
							Late Toarcian	180.1
							Middle Toarcian	180.4 *
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			Middle Toarcian	182
				Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			Early Toarcian	182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	184.2
		Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	192.9
		Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian					Sevatian	208.5
							Alaunian	213.2 *
							Lacian	216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian	227
		Carnian					Julian	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian	237
		Ladinian					Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian	242
							Pelsonian	243.8 *
							Bithynian	244.7 *
							Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian	251.2
		Induan					Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Dorashamian	Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian					Dorashamian	Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Dzhulfian		Laoshanian		254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Dzhulfian		Laibinian		257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian		Lengwuan		Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian						Midian		Kuhfengian		Wordian	264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian				Wordian	266.2 *
		Roadian						Murgabian				Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Kubergandian		Luodianian		Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
								Bolorian					Cathedralian	279.8
													Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian	283.5
			Longlinian							285.4 *
								Yakhtashian		286
								Yakhtashian		Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian						Sakmarian			Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian					Zisongian			Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Zisongian				Mapingian †	298.9
		Gzhelian											300.1
		Kasimovian											303.7
		Kasimovian											305.9
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian											323.2
		Visean											330.9
		Tournaisian											346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian											358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian											372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian											382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian											387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian											393.3
		Pragian											407.6
		Lochkovian											410.8
Silurian	Pridoli												Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Ohesaare	419.2
					Bringewood/Elton									421.3	Ohesaare
					Bringewood/Elton									Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			Coalbrookdale								Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian											Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian													425.6
		Gorstian											Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian											Buildwas	Rootsikula	427.4
					Wych	Woolhope							428.4 *	Rootsikula
													Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian											Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian											Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian											Jaani	433.4
													Adavere	434 *
														436.3 *
		Aeronian		438.5
				Cowleigh Park	439.3 *
					Raikkula								439.4 *
		Rhuddanian			Raikkula								440.8
		Rhuddanian			Juuru								441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian											477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											485.4
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †		504.5
																	509