PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian Ages of Europe	Ordovician of Australia	Permian of the Pamirs	Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan								Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene								Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian								Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian								Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian								Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian								Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian																1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean																3.6
										Hemphillian								4.7
															Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
										Clarendonian								9.4
															Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian							Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Serravallian								Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian													Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian																15.98
										Hemingfordian								16.3
										Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan			16.9
										Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian																20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian							Cenozoic 4									23.03
		Rupelian																27.82
										Whitneyan								29.5
										Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian							Cenozoic 3	Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian								Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian								Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian								Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2	Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian								Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian								Bridgerian								47.8
										Wasatchian								50.5
										Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian								Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian								Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian								Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian								Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian								Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian														Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian														Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4							Late Albian		100.5
																Middle Albian		106.2 *
																Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3							Late Aptian		113
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3							Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2							Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian														Late Berriasian		139.8
																Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *				Jurassic 6								Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian		174.7
					Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
					Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian			Sevatian		208.5
					Alaunian		213.2 *
					Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian			Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian		242
					Pelsonian		243.8 *
					Bithynian		244.7 *
					Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian		251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †				Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian	259.51
		Wordian						Midian	264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian			Permian 3			Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian			Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian				283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian				286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian			Asselian			Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian						Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian	Carboniferous 4					307
		Bashkirian	Carboniferous 4					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3					323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2					330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Devonian 4					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Devonian 3					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2					393.3
		Pragian	Devonian 1					407.6
		Lochkovian	Devonian 1					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2					419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian						Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1						433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian						Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Bolindian							445.2
			Eastonian			449 *
			Gisbornian			452 *
		Sandbian	Gisbornian			Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian			Ordovician 3			458.4
		Dapingian	Yapeenian			Ordovician 2			467.3
		Dapingian	Castlemainian						468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian						470
			Bendigonian						471.8 *
			Lancefieldian						473.5 *
		Tremadocian	Lancefieldian			Ordovician 1			477.7
			Warendian						482.8 *
			Warendian						Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Cambrian 5			Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10							Payntonian				Niuchehean		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian							Iverian				Jiangshanian		489.5
										Aksaian					490.7 *
										Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian							Idamean				Paibian		494
												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †			Cambrian 4	Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
										Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian					499
										Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian								Undillan				Drumian		500.5
		Drumian								Floran				Drumian		503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †					Cambrian 3	Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †						Ordian				Wuliuan/Taijangian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4					Duyunian							509
											Toyonian	Lenian †		510 *
											Toyonian			510.8 *
											Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3					Cambrian 2		Nangaoian		Botomian			514
		Stage 3							Nangaoian		Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian		Meishucunian			521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian					Cambrian 1					Manykaian †		529
		Fortunian					Cambrian 1				Jinnigian	Manykaian †		530.7
																		538.8