PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Silurian Ages of Europe	Ten Million Year Bins	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		Devonian of Germany	European Faunal Zones	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Cenozoic 6	Wanganui	Haweran					0
		Northgrippian												0.0042
		Greenlandian												0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian										Lujanian		0.129
												Ensenadan		0.3 *
									Castlecliffian					0.34
		Calabrian							Castlecliffian					0.774
									Nukumaruan					1.63
												Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian									MN 17			1.8
		Gelasian							Mangapanian		MN 17			2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								MN 16	Vorohuean		2.58
												Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
									Waipipian					3
											MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean												3.6
									Opoitian			Montehermosan		3.7 *
											MN 14	Montehermosan		4.2
											MN 13	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian						Taranaki	Kapitean					5.333
		Messinian							Tongaporutuan					7.2
		Tortonian									MN 12			7.246
											MN 11			7.75
											MN 11	Chasicoan		7.9 *
											MN 10			8.7
											MN 9			9.7
												Mayoan		9.9 *
												Laventan		10.9 *
								Southland	Waiauan					11.04
											MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian					Cenozoic 5				MN 7 + 8			11.63
											MN 6			12.8 *
									Lillburnian					13.05
												Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian									MN 5			13.82
									Clifdenian					15.1
									Clifdenian			Friasian		15.4 *
								Pareora	Altonian					15.9
		Burdigalian									MN 4			15.98
											MN 4	Santacrucian		16.2 *
											MN 3	Santacrucian		16.9
												Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
									Otaian					18.7
											MN 2			20
		Aquitanian												20.44
												Deseadan		20.9 *
								Landon	Waitakian					21.7
											MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Cenozoic 4							23.03
									Duntroonian					25.2
									Whaingaroan					27.3
		Rupelian												27.82
		Rupelian										Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian					Cenozoic 3							33.9
								Arnold	Runangan					34.6
									Runangan			Divisaderan		35.9 *
									Kaiatan					36.7
		Bartonian							Kaiatan					37.71
		Bartonian							Bortonian					39.1
		Lutetian					Cenozoic 2							41.2
												Mustersan		41.9 *
								Dannevirke	Porangan					42.6
									Heretaungan					45.7
		Ypresian		47.8
				Casamayoran	47.9 *
					Mangaorapan	48.9
					Waipawan	52
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1	Teurian	Riochican	56
						Itaboraian	56.9 *
						Peligran	58.9 *
		Selandian					59.2
		Danian					61.6
		Danian				Tiupampan	62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8	Mata	Haumurian		66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7		Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6		Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara	Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian						89.8
						Mangaotanean		90.5
						Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5		Arowhanan		93.9
					Clarence	Ngaterian		95.2
						Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4		Motuan		100.5
						Urutawan		103.3
					Taitai	Korangan		108.4
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3		Korangan		113
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3				117.5
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2				121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2				125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1				132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6				145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5				149.2
		Oxfordian						154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4				165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4				168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3				174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2				184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1				192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4				201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4				208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2						273.01
		Artinskian							Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5						298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5						303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4						307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3						323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2						330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Devonian 5						Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	Late Famennian	358.9
											Middle Famennian	365.3 *
											Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Devonian 4						Adorf	Late Frasnian	372.2
											Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
											Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3						Givetian	Late Givetian	382.7
											Middle Givetian	383.7 *
											Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian								Eifelian	Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian				390.3 *			Eifelian
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Emsian			Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2	Emsian			Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Siegen			Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian		Gedinnine			Late Lochkovian			410.8
							Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Gleedonian	427.4
		Homerian								Whitwellian	429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1								433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2		467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2		470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1		477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5		Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10				Sunwaptan					487.5
		Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan					489.5
		Jiangshanian				Steptoean					493 *
		Paibian				Steptoean					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Cambrian 4	Marjumian					Albertian †	497
		Drumian			Cambrian 4	Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3		Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †			Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Delamaran			Waucoban †	509
		Stage 4						Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3				Cambrian 2		Dyeran				514
								Montezuman				514.8 *
								Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				Cambrian 1						529
														538.8