PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Eastern North America		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand		North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran						0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Sheridanian					0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean								0.129
								Irvingtonian			Cudahyan/Sappan					0.21
										Castlecliffian						0.34
		Calabrian														0.774
								Blancan			Senecan/Rexroadian					1.4
										Nukumaruan						1.63
		Gelasian								Nukumaruan					MN 17	1.8
		Gelasian								Mangapanian					MN 17	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †							Mangapanian					MN 16	2.58
										Waipipian					MN 16	3
															MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean														3.6
										Opoitian						3.7
															MN 14	4.2
								Hemphillian			Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				MN 14	4.7
															MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian							Taranaki	Kapitean						5.333
		Messinian								Tongaporutuan						7.2
		Tortonian													MN 12	7.246
															MN 11	7.75
															MN 10	8.7
								Clarendonian			Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				MN 10	9.4
															MN 9	9.7
									Southland	Waiauan					MN 9	11.04
															MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian														11.63
								Barstovian			late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian					12.5
															MN 6	12.8 *
										Lillburnian					MN 6	13.05
		Langhian								Lillburnian					MN 5	13.82
										Clifdenian						15.1
									Pareora	Altonian						15.9
		Burdigalian													MN 4	15.98
								Hemingfordian			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				MN 4	16.3
								Hemingfordian			Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				MN 3	16.9
								Arikareean			late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian				18.5
										Otaian						18.7
															MN 2	20
		Aquitanian														20.44
									Landon	Waitakian						21.7
															MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
												Monroecreekian				23.1 *
												Geringian				24.7 *
										Duntroonian						25.2
										Whaingaroan						27.3
		Rupelian														27.82
								Whitneyan								29.5
								Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian			Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian					33.9
									Arnold	Runangan						34.6
										Kaiatan						36.7
								Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian														37.71
										Bortonian						39.1
								Uintan			Late Uintan/Early Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian														41.2
									Dannevirke	Porangan						42.6
				Heretaungan	45.7
					Bridgerian	Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian	46.2
		Ypresian					47.8
				Mangaorapan			48.9
				Mangaorapan	Wasatchian	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean	50.5
				Waipawan	Wasatchian	Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean	52
				Waipawan	Clarkforkian		Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Teurian	Clarkforkian		Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
		Thanetian			Tiffanian		Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
		Selandian			Tiffanian		Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	59.2
		Selandian			Torrejonian		To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian			Torrejonian		To3/To2/To1	61.6
		Danian			Puercan		Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Mata		Haumurian		66
		Campanian					Haumurian		72.1
		Santonian					Piripauan		83.6
		Santonian			Raukumara		Teratan		86.1
		Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian							89.8
							Mangaotanean		90.5
							Arowhanan		93.7
		Cenomanian					Arowhanan		93.9
					Clarence		Ngaterian		95.2
							Motuan		99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Motuan		100.5
							Urutawan		103.3
					Taitai		Korangan		108.4
		Aptian					Korangan		113
		Aptian							117.5
		Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian							132.6
		Berriasian							139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							145
		Kimmeridgian							149.2
		Oxfordian							154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian							161.5
		Bathonian							165.3
		Bajocian							Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian							Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian							Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
									Planulata	179.3 *
									Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
									Kanense		181.3 *
									Carlottense		182.3 *
									Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian							Kunae		184.2
									Freboldi		185.1 *
									Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
											Tetraspidoceras		189.2 *
									Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian											192.9
									Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
									Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian							Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian										251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian										Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian											259.51
		Wordian											264.28
		Roadian											266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian											273.01
		Artinskian											283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †							298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †							303.7
		Kasimovian											305.9
		Moscovian											307
		Bashkirian											315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian				382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian	Cazenovian				387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian				393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					433.4
		Aeronian					438.5
		Rhuddanian					440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju	Porkuni					443.8
		Katian						Pirgu					445.2
					Vormsi			449.6 *
					Nabala			Johvi †					450 *
					Viru		Rakvere						450.6 *
							Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian					Keila	Idavere †					453
							Haljala						453.9
							Kukruse						456.4 *
							Uhaku	Aluoja †					457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian					Uhaku						458.4
							Lasnamagi						458.9 *
							Aseri						460.4 *
					Oeland		Kunda						462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum					464.3 *
							Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian					Volkhov							467.3
		Dapingian					Billingen							469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian												470
								Latorp †						470.1 *
							Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian					Hunneberg							477.7
							Varangu							481.3 *
							Pakerort				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort				485.4
									486.3 *
									486.5
		Jiangshanian							489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †	497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan								Stage 5 †	504.5
																509