PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Eastern North America		North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian						Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian						Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian						Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian														1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean														3.6
								Hemphillian								4.7
													Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian														5.333
		Tortonian														7.246
								Clarendonian								9.4
													Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian														11.63
		Serravallian						Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian											Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian														15.98
								Hemingfordian								16.3
								Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan			16.9
								Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian														20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
								Whitneyan								29.5
								Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian						Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian						Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian						Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian						Bridgerian								47.8
								Wasatchian								50.5
								Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian						Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian												Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian												Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian												Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian												Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian												Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian												Late Albian		100.5
														Middle Albian		106.2 *
														Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian												Late Aptian		113
		Aptian												Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian												Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian												Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian												Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian												Late Berriasian		139.8
														Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
														Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian												Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *										Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		174.7
				Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
				Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian		Sevatian		208.5
				Alaunian		213.2 *
				Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway				358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	West Fallsian/Sonyean				372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan				Cazenovian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Southwoodian				Cazenovian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Sawkillian/Deer Parkian				Helderbergian	393.3
		Pragian						407.6
		Lochkovian						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
		Tremadocian			477.7
		Tremadocian			Mansian †			483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian			Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10			Payntonian						Niuchehean		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian			Iverian						Jiangshanian		489.5
								Aksaian					490.7 *
								Sakian					492.2 *
		Paibian			Idamean						Paibian		494
										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
										Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †			Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
								Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian					499
								Boomerangian	Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian						Undillan				Drumian		500.5
		Drumian						Floran				Drumian		503
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †		Templetonian	Amgan/Solvan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †		Ordian				Wuliuan/Taijangian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4										Duyunian		509
									Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
									Toyonian					510.8 *
									Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian			Nangaoian		514
		Stage 3							Atdabanian			Nangaoian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian			Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian								Manykaian †				529
		Fortunian								Manykaian †		Jinnigian		530.7
																538.8