PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Eastern North America		Cenozoic Subepochs	Ten Million Year Bins	Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Cenozoic 6								0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene						Late Pleistocene			Lujanian						0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene			Lujanian						0.129
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene			Ensenadan						0.3 *
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene			Ensenadan						0.774
		Calabrian									Sanandresian	Uquian †					1.7 *
		Gelasian									Sanandresian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †					Late Pliocene			Vorohuean						2.58
		Piacenzian						Late Pliocene			Chapadmalalan						2.9 *
		Zanclean						Early Pliocene			Chapadmalalan						3.6
											Montehermosan						3.7 *
											Huayquerian						4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
											Chasicoan						7.9 *
											Mayoan						9.9 *
											Laventan						10.9 *
		Serravallian						Middle Miocene	Cenozoic 5		Laventan						11.63
		Serravallian									Colloncuran						13.7 *
		Langhian									Colloncuran						13.82
		Langhian									Friasian						15.4 *
		Burdigalian						Early Miocene			Friasian						15.98
											Santacrucian						16.2 *
											Colhuehuapian						17.4 *
		Aquitanian									Colhuehuapian						20.44
		Aquitanian									Deseadan						20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene	Cenozoic 4								23.03
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene									27.82
		Rupelian						Early Oligocene			Tinguirirican						28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene	Cenozoic 3		Tinguirirican						33.9
		Priabonian						Late Eocene			Divisaderan						35.9 *
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian							Cenozoic 2								41.2
		Lutetian									Mustersan						41.9 *
		Ypresian						Early Eocene			Mustersan						47.8
		Ypresian						Early Eocene			Casamayoran						47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene	Cenozoic 1		Riochican						56
											Itaboraian						56.9 *
											Peligran						58.9 *
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene									61.6
		Danian						Early Paleocene			Tiupampan						62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Cretaceous 8								66
		Campanian							Cretaceous 7								72.1
		Santonian							Cretaceous 6								83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian							Cretaceous 5								93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian							Cretaceous 4								100.5
		Aptian							Cretaceous 3								113
		Barremian							Cretaceous 2								121.4
		Hauterivian							Cretaceous 2								125.77
		Valanginian							Cretaceous 1								132.6
		Berriasian							Cretaceous 1								139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Jurassic 6								145
		Kimmeridgian							Jurassic 5								149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian							Jurassic 4								165.3
		Bajocian												Epizigzagiceras			168.2
		Bajocian												Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			168.4
		Aalenian							Jurassic 3					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Planulata	179.3 *
				Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense		181.3 *
				Carlottense		182.3 *
				Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae		Jurassic 2	184.2
				Freboldi			185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi			Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
							Tetraspidoceras		189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras			Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian				Jurassic 1			192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras				196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites					196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4					201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4					208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1					Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1					Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian								Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Roadian		Permian 3						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Permian 2								273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian		Permian 1								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian		Carboniferous 5								Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian		Carboniferous 5								Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian		Carboniferous 4								Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian		Carboniferous 4								Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Carboniferous 3								Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean		Carboniferous 2								Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian		Carboniferous 1								Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian		Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway								Devonian 5		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian		West Fallsian/Sonyean								Devonian 4		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan								Cazenovian		Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian		Southwoodian								Cazenovian		Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Sawkillian/Deer Parkian								Helderbergian		Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian												Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8											Devonian 1
Silurian	Pridoli							Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Ordovician 5			Ashgill	Hirnantian		443.8
		Katian										Rawtheyan		445.2
												Cautleyan		448.9 *
												Pusgillian		449.3 *
											Caradoc	Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
												Cheneyan			451.5 *
												Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian						Ordovician 4							453
														Actonian †	453.2 *
														Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
														Longvillian †		455.2 *
												Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
												Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Ordovician 3			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian						Ordovician 3				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian						Ordovician 2				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian									Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										Fennian				470
												Whitlandian				471.1 *
												Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian						Ordovician 1			Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
											Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
																485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Cambrian 5								485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †	Cambrian 4	497
		Drumian				Cambrian 4	500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Cambrian 3	509
	Series 2	Stage 3					Cambrian 2	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Cambrian 2	521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1	529
																	538.8