PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	South American Land Mammal Ages		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Lujanian				0.0117
		Chibanian					Lujanian				0.129
		Chibanian					Ensenadan				0.3 *
		Calabrian					Ensenadan				0.774
		Calabrian					Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian					Sanandresian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Vorohuean				2.58
		Piacenzian					Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
		Zanclean					Chapadmalalan				3.6
							Montehermosan				3.7 *
							Huayquerian				4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
							Chasicoan				7.9 *
							Mayoan				9.9 *
							Laventan				10.9 *
		Serravallian					Laventan				11.63
		Serravallian					Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian					Colloncuran				13.82
		Langhian					Friasian				15.4 *
		Burdigalian					Friasian				15.98
							Santacrucian				16.2 *
							Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
		Aquitanian					Colhuehuapian				20.44
		Aquitanian					Deseadan				20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
		Rupelian									27.82
		Rupelian					Tinguirirican				28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian					Tinguirirican				33.9
		Priabonian					Divisaderan				35.9 *
		Bartonian									37.71
		Lutetian									41.2
		Lutetian					Mustersan				41.9 *
		Ypresian					Mustersan				47.8
		Ypresian					Casamayoran				47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Riochican				56
							Itaboraian				56.9 *
							Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian									59.2
		Danian									61.6
		Danian					Tiupampan				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian							Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian							Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian			Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				273.01
		Artinskian				283.5
		Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian				Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian				Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian						305.9
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean						330.9
		Tournaisian						346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Srbsko		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Chotec		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Daleje/Zlichovian		393.3
		Pragian						Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian						Lochkovian		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								443.8
		Katian								445.2
		Sandbian	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	485.4
		Jiangshanian	489.5
		Paibian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †				497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			504.5
											509