PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Czechoslovakia	North American Land Mammal Ages	Ten Million Year Bins	European Faunal Zones	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean	Cenozoic 6				0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean					0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene								Lujanian		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean					0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean					0.129
							Irvingtonian					0.21
										Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian										0.774
							Blancan					1.4
										Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian							MN 17	Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †						MN 16	Vorohuean		2.58
									MN 16	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
									MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean										3.6
										Montehermosan		3.7 *
									MN 14			4.2
							Hemphillian		MN 14			4.7
									MN 13	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian							MN 13			5.333
		Tortonian							MN 12			7.246
									MN 11			7.75
									MN 11	Chasicoan		7.9 *
									MN 10			8.7
							Clarendonian		MN 10			9.4
									MN 9			9.7
										Mayoan		9.9 *
										Laventan		10.9 *
									MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5				11.63
							Barstovian					12.5
									MN 6			12.8 *
									MN 6	Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian							MN 5	Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian							MN 5	Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian							MN 4	Friasian		15.98
										Santacrucian		16.2 *
							Hemingfordian					16.3
									MN 3			16.9
										Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
							Arikareean					18.5
									MN 2			20
		Aquitanian										20.44
										Deseadan		20.9 *
									MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4				23.03
		Rupelian										27.82
										Tinguirirican		28.9 *
							Whitneyan					29.5
							Orellan					31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian	Cenozoic 3				33.9
							Chadronian			Divisaderan		35.9 *
							Duchesnean					37
		Bartonian					Duchesnean					37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan					39.7
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2				41.2
										Mustersan		41.9 *
							Bridgerian					46.2
		Ypresian										47.8
										Casamayoran		47.9 *
							Wasatchian					50.5
							Clarkforkian					54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1	Riochican	56	Clarkforkian
					Riochican	Tiffanian	56.2
					Itaboraian		56.9 *
					Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian					59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian					61.6
					Tiupampan		62.4 *
					Tiupampan	Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian			Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian			Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian			Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Cretaceous 4		100.5
		Aptian			Cretaceous 3		113
		Barremian			Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian			Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian			Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian			Cretaceous 1		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Jurassic 6		145
		Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5		149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian			Jurassic 4		165.3
		Bajocian			Jurassic 4		168.2
		Aalenian			Jurassic 3		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Jurassic 3		174.7
		Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2		184.2
		Sinemurian			Jurassic 1		192.9
		Hettangian			Jurassic 1		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian			Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian			Triassic 4		208.5
		Carnian			Triassic 3		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Triassic 2		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian			Triassic 2		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Triassic 1		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan			Triassic 1		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Permian 4		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Zechstein		254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Rotliegendes		259.51
		Wordian								264.28
		Roadian			Permian 3					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Permian 2					273.01
		Artinskian						Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian			Permian 1				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Carboniferous 5				298.9
		Kasimovian			Carboniferous 5				303.7
		Moscovian			Carboniferous 4				307
		Bashkirian			Carboniferous 4				315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Carboniferous 3				323.2
		Visean			Carboniferous 2				330.9
		Tournaisian			Carboniferous 1				346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			Devonian 5				Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian			Devonian 4				Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			Srbsko				Devonian 3	Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian			Chotec					Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian			Chotec					Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian				Devonian 2	Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian			Daleje/Zlichovian				Devonian 2	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian			Pragian				Devonian 1	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	410.8
										Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
										Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								Silurian 2		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan		485.4
		Stage 10				Sunwaptan			487.5
		Jiangshanian				Sunwaptan			489.5
		Jiangshanian				Steptoean			493 *
		Paibian				Steptoean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	Cambrian 4		Marjumian			Albertian †		497
		Drumian		Cambrian 4		Marjumian					500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †		Cambrian 3	Topazan				504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			Delamaran				506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran		Waucoban †		509
		Stage 4					Dyeran				511 *
		Stage 3				Cambrian 2	Dyeran				514
							Montezuman				514.8 *
							Begadean				519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				Cambrian 1					529
												538.8