PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Devonian of Germany	Permian of North America		Ordovician of North America					Silurian of England		Ordovician of Britain				Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia		Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																					Nihewanian			0.0117
		Chibanian																								0.129
		Calabrian																								0.774
		Gelasian																								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																				Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean																					Yushean			3.6
		Zanclean																					Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																								5.333
		Tortonian																								7.246
		Tortonian																					Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian																					Tunggurian			11.63
		Langhian																					Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian																					Shanwangian			15.98
		Burdigalian																					Xiejiaan			16.9
		Aquitanian																					Xiejiaan			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																								23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																								27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																								33.9
		Bartonian																								37.71
		Lutetian																								41.2
		Ypresian																								47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																								56
		Selandian																								59.2
		Danian																								61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian																						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian																						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian																						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian																						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian																						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																						Late Albian		100.5
																								Middle Albian		106.2 *
																								Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian																						Late Aptian		113
		Aptian																						Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian																						Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian																						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian																						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian																						Late Berriasian		139.8
																								Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																								Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian																						Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian																						Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian																						Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian																						Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian																							Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																						Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian																						Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian																						Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian																						Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian																						Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																						Late Toarcian		174.7
																								Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
																								Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian																						Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian																						Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian																						Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																								201.4
		Norian																						Sevatian		208.5
																								Alaunian		213.2 *
																								Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian																						Tuvalian		227
		Carnian																						Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian	239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian	242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian				Wordian	264.28
		Roadian				Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian					Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian					Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian				Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian					Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian					Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	Adorf					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian	Siegen					407.6
		Lochkovian	Gedinnine					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
	Pridoli							Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton	421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Gorstian								425.6
		Gorstian							Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian							Buildwas	427.4
		Homerian						Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Telychian								436.3 *
		Aeronian								438.5
		Aeronian						Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
		Rhuddanian						Cowleigh Park		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Cincinnatian		Gamachian	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Gamachian		Rawtheyan	445.2
										Richmondian		Rawtheyan	446 *
												Cautleyan	448.9 *
												Pusgillian	449.3 *
											Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Maysvillian				Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
										Edenian					450.4 *
								Mohawkian		Chatfieldian					451.1 *
												Cheneyan			451.5 *
												Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian													453
													Actonian †		453.2 *
										Turinian			Actonian †		453.7 *
													Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
													Longvillian †			455.2 *
												Aurelucian				456.8 *
								Whiterockian						Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
													Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian				457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn					458.4
		Darriwilian										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					461.3 *
		Dapingian										Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn					467.3
											Arenig	Fennian					468.4 *
										Rangerian							469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Ibexian		Blackhillsian						Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
										Blackhillsian		Whitlandian						471.1 *
				Tulean						473.9 *		Whitlandian
										Moridunian		474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc					Migneintian	477.7
				Stairsian						Migneintian	480.3 *
				Stairsian						Cressagian	480.8 *
				Skullrockian							Demingian †	482 *
												Mansian †					483.55 *
												Mansian †					485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10														Datsonian	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
																Payntonian						486.8 *
																Payntonian						487.5
		Jiangshanian				Iverian	Jiangshanian									489.5
																Aksaian	490.7 *
																Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian				Idamean	Paibian										494
																	Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		494.7 *
																	Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	Mindyallan									Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
							Boomerangian									Ayusokkanian					499
							Boomerangian									Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian					Undillan												Drumian		500.5
		Drumian					Floran												Drumian		503
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †									Templetonian			Amgan/Solvan	Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †									Ordian				Wuliuan/Taijangian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4																		Duyunian		509
			Toyonian														Lenian †		510 *
			Toyonian																510.8 *
			Botomian																512.5 *
		Stage 3	Botomian																Nangaoian	514
		Stage 3	Atdabanian																Nangaoian	515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian																Meishucunian	521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian																	525.5
		Fortunian															Manykaian †			529
		Fortunian															Manykaian †		Jinnigian	530.7
																										538.8