PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of North America	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Silurian Ages of Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of the Baltic				Permian of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Sheridanian											Late Pleistocene			0.0117
		Chibanian					Sheridanian											Middle Pleistocene			0.129
							Cudahyan/Sappan														0.21
																				Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian																Early Pleistocene			0.774
							Senecan/Rexroadian														1.4
																				Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian																		Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian																		Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †															Late Pliocene		Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian																Late Pliocene		Waipipian	3
		Zanclean																Early Pliocene		Waipipian	3.6
																				Opoitian	3.7
							Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian													Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian																Late Miocene	Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian																		Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian																			7.246
							Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian														9.4
																			Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian																Middle Miocene			11.63
							late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian														12.5
																				Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian																		Lillburnian	13.82
																				Clifdenian	15.1
																			Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian																Early Miocene			15.98
							Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian														16.3
							late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian													18.5
																				Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian																		Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian																	Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																Late Oligocene			23.03
								Monroecreekian													23.1 *
								Geringian													24.7 *
																				Duntroonian	25.2
																				Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian																Early Oligocene			27.82
		Rupelian																Early Oligocene			29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian											Late Eocene			33.9
																			Arnold	Runangan	34.6
																				Kaiatan	36.7
																					37
		Bartonian																Middle Eocene			37.71
																				Bortonian	39.1
							Late Uintan/Early Uintan														39.7
		Lutetian																			41.2
																			Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
																				Heretaungan	45.7
							Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian														46.2
		Ypresian																Early Eocene			47.8
																				Mangaorapan	48.9
							Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean													Mangaorapan	50.5
							Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean													Waipawan	52
									Cf3/Cf2/Cf1											Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1									Late Paleocene		Teurian	56
		Thanetian							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1									Late Paleocene			56.2
		Selandian							Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1									Middle Paleocene			59.2
		Selandian							To3/To2/To1									Middle Paleocene			60.9
		Danian							To3/To2/To1									Early Paleocene			61.6
		Danian							Pu3/Pu2/Pu1									Early Paleocene			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian		72.1																Haumurian
		Santonian		Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian		Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
					Mangaotanean	90.5
					Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian			Arowhanan	93.9
				Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
					Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Motuan	100.5
					Urutawan	103.3
				Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian			Korangan	113
		Aptian				117.5
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Oteke		Puaroan					145
		Kimmeridgian		Oteke		Puaroan					149.2
				Kawhia		Ohauan					150
						Heterian					154.5
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Callovian				Temaikan					164.3
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Toarcian		Herangi		Ururoan					176
		Pliensbachian				Ururoan					184.2
		Pliensbachian				Aratauran					188.9
		Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Balfour		Otapirian					201.4
		Norian				Warepan					208.5
						Otamitan					217
						Oretian					221
		Carnian				Oretian					227
		Carnian		Gore		Kaihikuan		227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				Kaihikuan		237
		Ladinian				Etalian		238
		Anisian				Etalian		242
		Anisian				Malakovian		246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				Malakovian		247.2
		Olenekian				Nelsonian		249
		Induan				Nelsonian		251.2
		Induan		DUrville		Makarewan		251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Makarewan		Meishanian			251.902
						Waiitian		Meishanian			253.2
								Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †			Laoshanian	254.14
						Puruhauan					Laoshanian	254.2
						Puruhauan					Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Aparima		Flettian			Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian					Kuhfengian	Flettian			264.28
		Wordian						Barettian			266
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Luodianian				273.01
		Kungurian						Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian						Mangapirian			283.5
								Telfordian			285
			Longlinian				285.4 *	Telfordian
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †					Zisongian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian					Zisongian	Mapingian †		298.9
		Gzhelian	Virgilian								300.1
		Kasimovian	Missourian								303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian								305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian								307
		Moscovian	Atokan								312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan								315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan								318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian								323.2
		Visean	Chesterian								330.9
			Meramecian								335.8 *
			Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean		346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian		351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			Gleedonian					427.4
		Homerian			Whitwellian					429.7 *
		Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Harju	Porkuni	Hirnantian	Xiaoxita †/Shikou	Wufeng †	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu	Chientangkiangian		Wufeng †	445.2
											Pirgu	Neichianshanian/Hanjiang			449.5
											Vormsi				449.6 *
											Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
										Viru	Rakvere					450.6 *
											Oandu					452 *
		Sandbian									Keila				Idavere †	453
											Haljala					453.9
											Kukruse					456.4 *
											Uhaku				Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Uhaku	Darriwilian	Guniu †/Hulo			458.4
											Lasnamagi					458.9 *
											Aseri					460.4 *
										Oeland	Kunda					462.9 *
															Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
													Hunjiang †	Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo		466.3 *
											Volkhov					Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian									Volkhov	Dapingian					467.3
		Dapingian									Billingen	Dapingian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										Yiyangian					470
															Latorp †		470.1 *
				Hunneberg							473.7 *
		Tremadocian									Xinchangian	477.7
												Lianghekou †		477.9 *
				Varangu										481.3 *
				Pakerort										482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10		Pakerort											485.4
															486.3 *
															486.5
		Jiangshanian													489.5
		Paibian				494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †	497
		Drumian					500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †								504.5
																					509