PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of North America	North American Land Mammal Ages	Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean										0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean										0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Lujanian								0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean										0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean										0.129
							Irvingtonian										0.21
									Ensenadan								0.3 *
		Calabrian															0.774
							Blancan										1.4
									Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian							Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †						Vorohuean								2.58
		Piacenzian							Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
		Zanclean							Chapadmalalan								3.6
									Montehermosan								3.7 *
							Hemphillian		Montehermosan								4.7
									Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian									Pannonian						7.246
									Chasicoan								7.9 *
							Clarendonian		Chasicoan								9.4
									Mayoan								9.9 *
									Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian									Sarmatian						11.63
							Barstovian				Sarmatian						12.5
											Badenian						12.8 *
									Colloncuran		Badenian						13.7 *
		Langhian							Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian							Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian							Friasian								15.98
									Santacrucian								16.2 *
							Hemingfordian		Santacrucian								16.3
							Hemingfordian		Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
							Arikareean										18.5
		Aquitanian															20.44
		Aquitanian							Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
		Rupelian															27.82
									Tinguirirican								28.9 *
							Whitneyan										29.5
							Orellan										31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian										33.9
							Chadronian		Divisaderan								35.9 *
							Duchesnean										37
		Bartonian					Duchesnean										37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan										39.7
		Lutetian															41.2
									Mustersan								41.9 *
							Bridgerian										46.2
		Ypresian															47.8
									Casamayoran								47.9 *
							Wasatchian										50.5
							Clarkforkian										54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian		Riochican								56
							Tiffanian		Riochican								56.2
									Itaboraian								56.9 *
									Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian															59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian										60.9
		Danian															61.6
									Tiupampan								62.4 *
							Puercan		Tiupampan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian				66
		Campanian				72.1
		Santonian				83.6
		Coniacian				86.3
		Turonian				89.8
		Cenomanian				93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian				100.5
		Aptian				113
		Barremian				121.4
		Hauterivian				125.77
		Valanginian				132.6
		Berriasian				139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian				145
		Kimmeridgian				149.2
		Oxfordian				154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian				165.3
		Bajocian				168.2
		Aalenian				170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian				174.7
		Pliensbachian				184.2
		Sinemurian				192.9
		Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian				208.5
		Carnian				227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian				237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian				242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian				247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan				251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					259.51
		Wordian					264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					Virgilian	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian					Missourian		303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian		305.9 *
		Moscovian					Desmoinesian	Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Moscovian					Atokan	Middle Pennsylvanian	312.7 *
		Bashkirian					Atokan	Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
		Bashkirian					Morrowan	Early Pennsylvanian	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian	Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Chesterian	Middle Mississippian	330.9
							Meramecian		335.8 *
							Osagean		343.1 *
		Tournaisian					Osagean	Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian					Kinderhookian	Early Mississippian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian	410.8
			Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli			Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian		Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian		Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian		Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian		Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian		Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian		Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian		Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian		Jaani	433.4
		Telychian		Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian		Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian		Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian		Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian		Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian		Harju	Porkuni					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian			Pirgu						Gamachian	445.2
					Pirgu						Richmondian	446 *
					Vormsi						Richmondian	449.6 *
					Vormsi						Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
					Nabala						Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
					Nabala						Edenian			450.4 *
				Viru	Rakvere						Edenian			450.6 *
					Rakvere					Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
					Oandu									452 *
		Sandbian			Keila								Idavere †	453
					Keila						Turinian			453.7 *
					Haljala	453.9
					Kukruse	456.4 *
					Kukruse	Whiterockian					Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor		457 *
					Uhaku								Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Uhaku									458.4
					Lasnamagi									458.9 *
					Aseri									460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda									462.9 *
					Kunda								Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
					Volkhov									Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian													467.3
										Rangerian					469.1 *
					Billingen					Rangerian					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Ibexian				Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †			Cassinian †	470
													Latorp †			470.1 *
					Hunneberg											473.7 *
										Tulean						473.9 *
		Tremadocian								Tulean						477.7
										Stairsian						480.3 *
					Varangu					Stairsian						481.3 *
					Varangu		Skullrockian	Demingian †		482 *
					Pakerort			Demingian †		482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort								485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
													487.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
		Paibian											494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †		497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
																	509