PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of North America	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian Subages	Permian of Western Europe
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean			0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian									0.0042
		Greenlandian									0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean			0.129
		Chibanian						Irvingtonian			0.21
		Calabrian						Irvingtonian			0.774
		Calabrian						Blancan			1.4
		Gelasian									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								2.58
		Zanclean									3.6
		Zanclean						Hemphillian			4.7
	Miocene	Messinian									5.333
		Tortonian									7.246
		Tortonian						Clarendonian			9.4
		Serravallian						Clarendonian			11.63
		Serravallian						Barstovian			12.5
		Langhian									13.82
		Burdigalian									15.98
								Hemingfordian			16.3
								Arikareean			18.5
		Aquitanian									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									23.03
		Rupelian									27.82
								Whitneyan			29.5
								Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian			33.9
		Priabonian						Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean			37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian						Uintan			41.2
		Lutetian						Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian						Bridgerian			47.8
								Wasatchian			50.5
								Clarkforkian			54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Clarkforkian			56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian						Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian									72.1
		Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									100.5
		Aptian									113
		Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian									139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									145
		Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Oxfordian									154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian									168.2
		Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									174.7
		Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein	Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes	Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian				Leine	264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian			Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					Bursumian †		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Virgilian				298.9
		Kasimovian			Missourian				303.7
		Kasimovian			Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian			Desmoinesian				307
		Moscovian			Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian			Atokan				315.2
		Bashkirian			Morrowan				318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Chesterian				323.2
		Visean			Chesterian				330.9
					Meramecian				335.8 *
					Osagean				343.1 *
		Tournaisian			Osagean				346.7
		Tournaisian			Kinderhookian				351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian							Late Famennian	358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian							Late Frasnian	372.2
									Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
									Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian							Late Givetian	382.7
									Middle Givetian	383.7 *
									Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian							Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian							Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian							Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Early Emsian					398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian					410.8
			Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						Batyrbaian	485.4
		Jiangshanian						Batyrbaian	489.5
								Aksaian	490.7 *
								Sakian	492.2 *
		Paibian						Sakian	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian								499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †					Tuesaian	504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †						505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4								509
									Toyonian	510 *
									Botomian	512.5 *
		Stage 3				514			Botomian
		Stage 3				Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2				Tommotian			521
											525.5