PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of North America	Devonian of Eastern North America		Devonian of Czechoslovakia	Permian of the Pamirs	Ammonite Chrons of Northwest Europe		Mesozoic Subages		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Silurian of the Baltic	Ordovician of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Lancian/Edmontonian				66
		Campanian											Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Judithian/Aquilan				72.1
		Santonian											Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian											Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian											Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian											Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Late Albian						100.5
													Middle Albian						106.2 *
													Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian											Late Aptian						113
		Aptian											Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian											Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian											Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian											Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian											Late Berriasian						139.8
													Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
													Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian											Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian											Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian											Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian											Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					154.8
		Oxfordian												Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian					157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian						161.5
		Bathonian											Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian						165.3
		Bajocian									Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		Late Bajocian						168.2
												Humphresianum	Late Bajocian						168.4
												Humphresianum	Early Bajocian						168.6 *
		Aalenian									Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons	Thouarsense	Late Toarcian						174.7
													Late Toarcian						180.1
													Middle Toarcian						180.4 *
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Middle Toarcian						182
											Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum		Early Toarcian						182.9 *
		Pliensbachian									Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian						184.2
		Sinemurian									Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
		Hettangian									Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian											Sevatian						208.5
													Alaunian						213.2 *
													Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian											Tuvalian						227
		Carnian											Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											Longobardian						237
		Ladinian											Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian											Illyrian						242
													Pelsonian						243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Midian	259.51
		Wordian				Midian	264.28
		Wordian				Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian				Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian				Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian				Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian				Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian				Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian				Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Bursumian †			Asselian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Virgilian				298.9
		Kasimovian	Missourian				303.7
		Kasimovian	Desmoinesian				305.9 *
		Moscovian	Desmoinesian				307
		Moscovian	Atokan				312.7 *
		Bashkirian	Atokan				315.2
		Bashkirian	Morrowan				318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Chesterian				323.2
		Visean	Chesterian				330.9
			Meramecian				335.8 *
			Osagean				343.1 *
		Tournaisian	Osagean				346.7
		Tournaisian	Kinderhookian				351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Conewangan/Conneautan/Canadaway	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					West Fallsian/Sonyean	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Geneseean/Taghanican/Tioughniogan	Cazenovian	Srbsko	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Southwoodian	Cazenovian	Chotec	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Sawkillian/Deer Parkian	Helderbergian	Daleje/Zlichovian	393.3
		Pragian							Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian							Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									Ohesaare			419.2
	Pridoli									Kaugetuma			421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								Kuressaare			423
		Ludfordian								Paadla			423.4 *
		Gorstian								Paadla			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								Rootsikula			427.4
		Homerian								Jaagarahu			429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian								Jaagarahu			430.5
		Sheinwoodian								Jaani			431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian								Jaani		433.4
		Telychian								Adavere		434 *
		Aeronian								Adavere		438.5
		Aeronian								Raikkula		439.4 *
		Rhuddanian								Raikkula		440.8
		Rhuddanian								Juuru		441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian										Cincinnatian	Gamachian	Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu		Gamachian		445.2
											Pirgu		Richmondian		446 *
											Vormsi		Richmondian		449.6 *
											Vormsi		Maysvillian		Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
											Nabala		Maysvillian			Johvi †	450 *
											Nabala		Edenian				450.4 *
											Viru		Edenian	Rakvere			450.6 *
												Mohawkian	Chatfieldian	Rakvere			451.1 *
														Oandu			452 *
		Sandbian												Keila		Idavere †	453
													Turinian	Keila			453.7 *
														Haljala			453.9
														Kukruse			456.4 *
												Whiterockian		Kukruse	Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
														Uhaku		Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian												Uhaku				458.4
					Lasnamagi									458.9 *
					Aseri									460.4 *
				Oeland	Kunda						462.9 *
					Kunda						Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
					Volkhov									Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian														467.3
													Rangerian			469.1 *
					Billingen								Rangerian			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian										Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
											Latorp †							470.1 *
					Hunneberg													473.7 *
													Tulean					473.9 *
		Tremadocian				477.7							Tulean
						Stairsian							480.3 *
					Varangu	Stairsian							481.3 *
					Varangu	Skullrockian							Demingian †				482 *
					Pakerort								Demingian †				482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Pakerort												485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
																	487.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
		Paibian															494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian															Series 3 †	497
		Drumian																500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †															504.5
																			509