PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Sheridanian				Lujanian						0.0117
		Chibanian					Sheridanian										0.129
							Cudahyan/Sappan										0.21
											Ensenadan						0.3 *
		Calabrian															0.774
							Senecan/Rexroadian										1.4
											Sanandresian	Uquian †					1.7 *
		Gelasian									Sanandresian						1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Vorohuean						2.58
		Piacenzian									Chapadmalalan						2.9 *
		Zanclean									Chapadmalalan						3.6
											Montehermosan						3.7 *
							Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian				Montehermosan						4.7
											Huayquerian						4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian											Pannonian				7.246
											Chasicoan						7.9 *
							Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				Chasicoan						9.4
											Mayoan						9.9 *
											Laventan						10.9 *
		Serravallian											Sarmatian				11.63
							late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian						Sarmatian				12.5
													Badenian				12.8 *
											Colloncuran		Badenian				13.7 *
		Langhian									Colloncuran						13.82
		Langhian									Friasian						15.4 *
		Burdigalian									Friasian						15.98
											Santacrucian						16.2 *
							Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				Santacrucian						16.3
							Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				Colhuehuapian						17.4 *
							late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian									18.5
		Aquitanian															20.44
		Aquitanian									Deseadan						20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
								Monroecreekian									23.1 *
								Geringian									24.7 *
		Rupelian															27.82
											Tinguirirican						28.9 *
																	29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian										33.9
							Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian				Divisaderan						35.9 *
																	37
		Bartonian															37.71
		Bartonian					Late Uintan/Early Uintan										39.7
		Lutetian															41.2
											Mustersan						41.9 *
							Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian										46.2
		Ypresian															47.8
											Casamayoran						47.9 *
							Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean										50.5
									Cf3/Cf2/Cf1								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		Riochican						56
									Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1		Riochican						56.2
											Itaboraian						56.9 *
											Peligran						58.9 *
		Selandian															59.2
		Selandian							To3/To2/To1								60.9
		Danian															61.6
											Tiupampan						62.4 *
									Pu3/Pu2/Pu1		Tiupampan						63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		100.5
		Aptian		113
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Mapingian †	Late Pennsylvanian				298.9
		Kasimovian			Mapingian †					303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian				Middle Pennsylvanian		307
		Bashkirian				Early Pennsylvanian		315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Late Mississippian		323.2
		Visean				Middle Mississippian		330.9
		Tournaisian				Early Mississippian		346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian		358.9
								Middle Famennian		365.3 *
								Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian		372.2
								Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
								Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian		382.7
							Middle Givetian	383.7 *
							Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian					Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian					Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian					Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian					Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	410.8
							Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
							Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli						Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian					Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian					Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani	433.4
		Telychian					Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian					Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian					Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Harju	Porkuni		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Pirgu			Gamachian	445.2
								Pirgu			Richmondian	446 *
								Vormsi			Richmondian	449.6 *
								Vormsi			Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Nabala			Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
								Nabala			Edenian			450.4 *
							Viru	Rakvere			Edenian			450.6 *
								Rakvere		Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
								Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian						Keila					Idavere †	453
								Keila			Turinian			453.7 *
								Haljala						453.9
								Kukruse						456.4 *
								Kukruse		Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
								Uhaku					Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Uhaku							458.4
				Lasnamagi				458.9 *
				Aseri				460.4 *
				Oeland			Kunda	462.9 *
							Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum					464.3 *
							Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian													467.3
											Rangerian				469.1 *
							Billingen				Rangerian				469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian								Ibexian	Blackhillsian			Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
					Latorp †								470.1 *
							Hunneberg						473.7 *
											Tulean		473.9 *
		Tremadocian									Tulean		477.7
											Stairsian		480.3 *
							Varangu				Stairsian		481.3 *
						Skullrockian	Varangu				Demingian †		482 *
							Pakerort				Demingian †		482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Pakerort							485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
																	509