PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	North American Land Mammal Ages	Mesozoic Subages		Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of Britain	Central Paratethys Stages	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean										0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean										0.0004
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Sheridanian			Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean									Late Pleistocene	0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean									Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Chibanian					Irvingtonian						Cudahyan/Sappan			Middle Pleistocene	0.21
		Calabrian					Irvingtonian						Cudahyan/Sappan			Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Calabrian					Blancan						Senecan/Rexroadian				1.4
		Gelasian															1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													Late Pliocene	2.58
		Zanclean														Early Pliocene	3.6
		Zanclean					Hemphillian						Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			Early Pliocene	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian														Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian										Pannonian					7.246
		Tortonian					Clarendonian					Pannonian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian					Clarendonian					Sarmatian	Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			Middle Miocene	11.63
							Barstovian					Sarmatian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian				12.5
												Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian														Early Miocene	15.98
							Hemingfordian						Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian				16.3
							Arikareean						late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian			18.5
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														Late Oligocene	23.03
														Monroecreekian			23.1 *
														Geringian			24.7 *
		Rupelian												Geringian		Early Oligocene	27.82
							Whitneyan										29.5
							Orellan										31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian						Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			Late Eocene	33.9
		Priabonian					Duchesnean									Late Eocene	37
		Bartonian					Duchesnean									Middle Eocene	37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan						Late Uintan/Early Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian					Uintan						Late Uintan/Early Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian					Bridgerian						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian				46.2
		Ypresian					Bridgerian						Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			Early Eocene	47.8
							Wasatchian						Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean				50.5
							Clarkforkian								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Clarkforkian								Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	Late Paleocene	56
		Thanetian					Tiffanian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Late Paleocene	56.2
		Selandian					Tiffanian								Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Selandian					Torrejonian								To3/To2/To1	Middle Paleocene	60.9
		Danian					Torrejonian								To3/To2/To1	Early Paleocene	61.6
		Danian					Puercan								Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	Early Paleocene	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Late Albian									100.5
								Middle Albian									106.2 *
								Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian						Late Aptian									113
		Aptian						Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian						Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian						Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian						Late Berriasian									139.8
								Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
								Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian						Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *				Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		Parkinsoni/Garantiana/Subfurcatum/Sauzei/Laeviuscula/Discites		168.2
				Late Bajocian				Humphresianum	168.4
				Early Bajocian				Humphresianum	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Concavum/Murchisonae/Opalinum			170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		Levesquei/Variabilis/Bifrons		Thouarsense	174.7
				Late Toarcian					180.1
				Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
				Middle Toarcian		Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182
				Early Toarcian		Serpentinum/Falciferum/Tenuicostatum			182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Spinatum/Margaritatus/Davoei/Ibex/Jamesoni			184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		Raricostatum/Oxynotum/Obtusum/Turneri/Semicostatum/Bucklandi			192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Angulata/Liasicus/Planorbis			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							201.4
		Norian		Sevatian					208.5
				Alaunian					213.2 *
				Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian					227
		Carnian		Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian					237
		Ladinian		Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian					242
				Pelsonian					243.8 *
				Bithynian					244.7 *
				Aegean					245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian					247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian					248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian					251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian					251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Dorashamian	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian							Longtanian †	Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Midian	259.51
		Wordian								Midian	264.28
		Wordian								Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian								Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Kubergandian	273.01
		Kungurian								Bolorian	279.8
		Artinskian								Bolorian	283.5
		Artinskian								Yakhtashian	286
		Sakmarian								Sakmarian	290.1
		Asselian	Asselian				293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian	Mapingian †							298.9
		Kasimovian	Mapingian †							303.7
		Kasimovian								305.9
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Merioneth			Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		485.4
		Stage 10						Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian						Festiniogian		489.5
		Jiangshanian						Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian						Maentwrogian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †			St Davids			497
		Drumian				500.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †			504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Caerfai	509
	Series 2	Stage 3							514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian							529
																	538.8