PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of China	Ordovician of Britain				Permian of the Pamirs	Ten Million Year Bins	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cambrian of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Mesozoic Subages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6	Saintaugustinean								0
		Meghalayan											Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian																			0.0042
		Greenlandian																			0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																Nihewanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene											Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian											Rancholabrean								0.129
		Chibanian											Irvingtonian								0.21
		Calabrian											Irvingtonian								0.774
		Calabrian											Blancan								1.4
		Gelasian																			1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †															Yushean			2.58
		Zanclean																			3.6
													Hemphillian								4.7
																		Baodean			4.9
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
													Clarendonian								9.4
																		Tunggurian			11.1
		Serravallian										Cenozoic 5									11.63
		Serravallian											Barstovian								12.5
		Langhian																Shanwangian			13.82
		Burdigalian																			15.98
													Hemingfordian								16.3
													Hemingfordian					Xiejiaan			16.9
													Arikareean								18.5
		Aquitanian																			20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4									23.03
		Rupelian																			27.82
													Whitneyan								29.5
													Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3	Chadronian								33.9
		Priabonian											Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian											Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian											Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian										Cenozoic 2	Uintan								41.2
		Lutetian											Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian											Bridgerian								47.8
													Wasatchian								50.5
													Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Cenozoic 1	Clarkforkian								56
		Thanetian											Tiffanian								56.2
		Selandian											Tiffanian								59.2
		Selandian											Torrejonian								60.9
		Danian											Torrejonian								61.6
		Danian											Puercan								63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										Cretaceous 8							Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian										Cretaceous 7							Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian										Cretaceous 6							Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian																	Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian																	Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian										Cretaceous 5							Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										Cretaceous 4							Late Albian		100.5
																			Middle Albian		106.2 *
																			Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian										Cretaceous 3							Late Aptian		113
		Aptian										Cretaceous 3							Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian										Cretaceous 2							Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian										Cretaceous 2							Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian										Cretaceous 1							Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian																	Late Berriasian		139.8
																			Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
																			Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										Jurassic 6							Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	146.3 *							Jurassic 6								Middle Tithonian
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4	Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3	Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian		174.7
					Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
					Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2	Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1	Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1	Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4			201.4
		Norian			Sevatian		208.5
					Alaunian		213.2 *
					Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Triassic 3	Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2	Longobardian		237
		Ladinian			Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian		242
					Pelsonian		243.8 *
					Bithynian		244.7 *
					Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1	Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian			Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan			Dienerian		251.2
		Induan			Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Dorashamian	Permian 4			251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †				Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Midian	259.51
		Wordian						Midian	264.28
		Wordian						Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian			Permian 3			Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Kubergandian			Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian			Bolorian				279.8
		Artinskian			Bolorian				283.5
		Artinskian			Yakhtashian				286
		Sakmarian			Sakmarian				290.1
		Asselian			Asselian			Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Gzhelian							Xiaodushanian	300 *
		Kasimovian	303.7						Xiaodushanian
		Kasimovian	Dalaun						305.8 *
		Moscovian						Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian							315.2
			Huashibanian						318.5 *
			Lousuan						321.2 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Dewunian					Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Serpukhovian	Shangsian					Carboniferous 3	330.8 *
		Visean	Shangsian					Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Visean	Jiusian					Carboniferous 2	335 *
		Tournaisian	Tangbagouan					Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Devonian 5	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian						Devonian 4	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Devonian 3	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian						Devonian 3	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Devonian 2	393.3
		Pragian						Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian						Devonian 1	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli							Silurian 2	419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Silurian 1		433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian				Ashgill		Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian						Rawtheyan		445.2
								Cautleyan		448.9 *
								Pusgillian		449.3 *
						Caradoc		Streffordian		Onnian †	449.6 *
								Cheneyan			451.5 *
								Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian							Ordovician 4		453
										Actonian †	453.2 *
										Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
										Longvillian †		455.2 *
								Aurelucian		Longvillian †		456.8 *
								Aurelucian		Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian				Llanvirn		Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn		Ordovician 3		458.4
		Darriwilian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Ordovician 3		461.3 *
		Dapingian						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn		Ordovician 2		467.3
		Dapingian				Arenig		Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian						Fennian				470
								Whitlandian				471.1 *
								Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian				Tremadoc		Migneintian		Ordovician 1		477.7
								Cressagian				480.8 *
								Cressagian				Mansian †	483.55 *
												Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					Cambrian 5			Datsonian		Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10								Payntonian					Niuchehean		486.8 *
		Jiangshanian		Iverian						Jiangshanian					489.5
												Aksaian			490.7 *
												Sakian			492.2 *
		Paibian		Idamean						Paibian					494
														Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	494.7 *
														Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian	Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †			Cambrian 4			Mindyallan		Ayusokkanian			Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
										Boomerangian		Ayusokkanian					499
										Boomerangian		Mayan/Menevian					499.5
		Drumian								Undillan					Drumian		500.5
		Drumian			Floran					503					Drumian
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		Cambrian 3			Templetonian		Amgan/Solvan			Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †					Ordian					Wuliuan/Taijangian		507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4													Duyunian		509
												Toyonian	Lenian †				510 *
												Toyonian					510.8 *
												Botomian					512.5 *
		Stage 3					Cambrian 2					Botomian			Nangaoian		514
		Stage 3										Atdabanian			Nangaoian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2										Tommotian			Meishucunian		521
		Stage 2										Nemakit-Daldynian					525.5
		Fortunian					Cambrian 1						Manykaian †				529
		Fortunian					Cambrian 1						Manykaian †		Jinnigian		530.7
																					538.8