PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Silurian of North America			Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	North American Land Mammal Ages	European Faunal Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan												Saintaugustinean		0
		Meghalayan												Santarosean		0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														0.0117
		Late Pleistocene												Rancholabrean		0.014
		Chibanian												Rancholabrean		0.129
		Chibanian												Irvingtonian		0.21
		Calabrian												Irvingtonian		0.774
		Calabrian												Blancan		1.4
		Gelasian													MN 17	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												MN 16	2.58
		Piacenzian													MN 15	3.2
		Zanclean													MN 15	3.6
															MN 14	4.2
														Hemphillian	MN 14	4.7
															MN 13	4.9
	Miocene	Messinian													MN 13	5.333
		Tortonian													MN 12	7.246
															MN 11	7.75
															MN 10	8.7
														Clarendonian	MN 10	9.4
															MN 9	9.7
															MN 7 + 8	11.1
		Serravallian														11.63
														Barstovian		12.5
															MN 6	12.8 *
		Langhian													MN 5	13.82
		Burdigalian													MN 4	15.98
														Hemingfordian	MN 4	16.3
														Hemingfordian	MN 3	16.9
														Arikareean	MN 3	18.5
															MN 2	20
		Aquitanian													MN 2	20.44
		Aquitanian													MN 1	22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian														23.03
		Rupelian														27.82
														Whitneyan		29.5
														Orellan		31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian												Chadronian		33.9
		Priabonian												Duchesnean		37
		Bartonian												Duchesnean		37.71
		Bartonian												Uintan		39.7
		Lutetian												Uintan		41.2
		Lutetian												Bridgerian		46.2
		Ypresian												Bridgerian		47.8
														Wasatchian		50.5
														Clarkforkian		54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian												Clarkforkian		56
		Thanetian												Tiffanian		56.2
		Selandian												Tiffanian		59.2
		Selandian												Torrejonian		60.9
		Danian												Torrejonian		61.6
		Danian												Puercan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Lancian/Edmontonian			66
		Campanian											Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
		Santonian														83.6
		Coniacian														86.3
		Turonian														89.8
		Cenomanian														93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian														100.5
		Aptian														113
		Barremian														121.4
		Hauterivian														125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			259.51
		Wordian			264.28
		Roadian			266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			273.01
		Artinskian			283.5
		Sakmarian			290.1
		Asselian			293.52
		Asselian			Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Kuzel	298.9
					Stephanian	Stephanian C	300.3 *
						Stephanian B	300.9 *
						Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian				Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian				Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian				Cantabrian	307
					Westphalian	Westphalian D	307.4 *
						Westphalian C	309.8
						Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian				Westphalian B	315.2
						Westphalian A	317 *
					Namurian	Yeadonian	318.8 *
						Marsdenian	320.2 *
						Kinderscoutian	321.5 *
						Alportian	322 *
						Chokierian	323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian				Chokierian	323.2
						Arnsbergian	324 *
						Pendleian	327.4 *
		Visean			Warnantian	Brigantian †	330.9
					Livian	Asbian †	336.3 *
					Moliniacian	Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian	340.2 *
		Tournaisian			Ivorian		346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian		353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
								Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian							440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian							443.8
		Katian							445.2
		Sandbian							453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian							458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian							467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian							470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian							Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Batyrbaian	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian							Batyrbaian		489.5
									Aksaian		490.7 *
									Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian							Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †					Ayusokkanian	Middle Cambrian	497
									Ayusokkanian		Arcadian	498.4
												499.5
		Drumian							Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian							Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan							Tuesaian			Stage 5 †	504.5
		Wuliuan										Stage 5 †	505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4									Branchian	Early Cambrian	509
									Toyonian				510 *
									Botomian				512.5 *
		Stage 3							Botomian				514
									Atdabanian				515.6 *
									Atdabanian		Placentian		517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian				521
		Stage 2											525.5
		Fortunian											529
																538.8