PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carboniferous of Western Europe		Silurian of North America			Ordovician of the Baltic				Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene														Lujanian					0.0117
		Chibanian														Lujanian					0.129
		Chibanian														Ensenadan					0.3 *
		Calabrian														Ensenadan					0.774
		Calabrian														Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian														Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †													Vorohuean					2.58
		Piacenzian														Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
		Zanclean														Chapadmalalan					3.6
																Montehermosan					3.7 *
																Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian																			7.246
																Chasicoan					7.9 *
																Mayoan					9.9 *
																Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian														Laventan					11.63
		Serravallian														Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian														Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian														Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian														Friasian					15.98
																Santacrucian					16.2 *
																Colhuehuapian					17.4 *
		Aquitanian														Colhuehuapian					20.44
		Aquitanian														Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																			23.03
		Rupelian																			27.82
		Rupelian														Tinguirirican					28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian														Tinguirirican					33.9
		Priabonian														Divisaderan					35.9 *
		Bartonian																			37.71
		Lutetian																			41.2
		Lutetian														Mustersan					41.9 *
		Ypresian														Mustersan					47.8
		Ypresian														Casamayoran					47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian														Riochican					56
																Itaboraian					56.9 *
																Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian																			59.2
		Danian																			61.6
		Danian														Tiupampan					62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian																			89.8
		Cenomanian																			93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																			100.5
		Aptian																			113
		Barremian																			121.4
		Hauterivian																			125.77
		Valanginian																			132.6
		Berriasian																			139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																			145
		Kimmeridgian																			149.2
		Oxfordian																			154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																			161.5
		Bathonian																			165.3
		Bajocian																	Epizigzagiceras		168.2
		Bajocian																	Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		168.4
		Aalenian																	Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																	Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta		174.7
																			Planulata		179.3 *
																			Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense	181.3 *
				Carlottense	182.3 *
				Kunae	183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae	184.2
				Freboldi	185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian				192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras	196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian						Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian						Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian							273.01
		Artinskian							283.5
		Sakmarian							290.1
		Asselian							293.52
		Asselian							Kuzel	297.7
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian							Kuzel	Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
									Stephanian		Stephanian C	300.3 *
											Stephanian B	300.9 *
											Stephanian A	301.4 *
		Kasimovian									Stephanian A	303.7
		Kasimovian									Cantabrian	305 *
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian	Cantabrian	307
									Westphalian		Westphalian D	307.4 *
											Westphalian C	309.8
											Westphalian B	314.6
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian	Westphalian B	315.2
											Westphalian A	317 *
			Namurian						Yeadonian		318.8 *
									Marsdenian		320.2 *
									Kinderscoutian		321.5 *
									Alportian		322 *
									Chokierian		323.1 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							Chokierian	Late Mississippian	323.2
									Arnsbergian		324 *
									Pendleian		327.4 *
		Visean	Warnantian						Brigantian †	Middle Mississippian	330.9
			Livian						Asbian †		336.3 *
			Moliniacian						Holkerian †/Arundian/Chadian		340.2 *
		Tournaisian	Ivorian							Early Mississippian	346.7
		Tournaisian	Hastarian							Early Mississippian	353.7 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli										Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian										423
	Ludlow	Gorstian										425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian										Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian											430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian										Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian											438.5
													Alexandrian	438.7 *
											Medinan	Clinton		440.1 *
														440.7 *
		Rhuddanian												440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian												Harju	Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian			Pirgu										Rawtheyan		445.2
															Cautleyan		448.9 *
				Pusgillian		449.3 *
				Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian									Onnian †	449.6 *
				Nabala												Johvi †	450 *
				Viru										Rakvere			450.6 *
						Cheneyan								Rakvere			451.5 *
						Cheneyan								Oandu			452 *
						Burrellian								Oandu			452.7 *
		Sandbian												Keila		Idavere †	453
														Keila	Actonian †		453.2 *
							Haljala							453.9	Actonian †
														Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †		454.2 *
														Longvillian †			455.2 *
							Kukruse	456.4 *
						Aurelucian		456.8 *
								Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian							457.4 *
							Uhaku	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian							Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn	Uhaku									458.4
							Lasnamagi									458.9 *
							Aseri									460.4 *
						Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	Aseri									461.3 *
				Oeland			Kunda									462.9 *
							Kunda								Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
							Volkhov									Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian															467.3
					Arenig	Fennian											468.4 *
							Billingen										469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian															470
															Latorp †		470.1 *
						Whitlandian											471.1 *
						Whitlandian	Hunneberg										473.7 *
						Moridunian											474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian											477.7
						Cressagian											480.8 *
							Varangu										481.3 *
							Pakerort										482.2 *
																	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10															485.4
																	486.3 *
																	486.5
		Jiangshanian															489.5
		Paibian							494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian							Series 3 †								497
		Drumian	500.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †							504.5
																					509