PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Cenozoic Subepochs	Permian of North America		Cambrian of Australia	Mesozoic Subages		Devonian of Germany	Permian of the Pamirs	Silurian of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian					Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian					Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian					Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Late Pliocene									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean					Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian					Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian					Late Miocene									7.246
		Serravallian					Middle Miocene									11.63
		Langhian					Middle Miocene									13.82
		Burdigalian					Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian					Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian					Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian					Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian					Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian					Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian					Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian					Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian					Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian					Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian									Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian									Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian					72.1
		Santonian									Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian									Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian									Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian									Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian									Late Albian					100.5
											Middle Albian					106.2 *
											Early Albian					109.9 *
		Aptian									Late Aptian					113
		Aptian									Early Aptian					119.5 *
		Barremian									Late Barremian/Early Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian									Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian									Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian									Late Berriasian					139.8
											Middle Berriasian					140.6 *
											Early Berriasian					142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian									Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				145
		Tithonian									Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian				146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian									Late Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Kimmeridgian									Early Kimmeridgian					152.2 *
		Oxfordian									Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				154.8
		Oxfordian										Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian				157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian									Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian									Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian									Late Bajocian					168.2
		Bajocian									Early Bajocian					168.6 *
		Aalenian									Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian									Late Toarcian					174.7
											Middle Toarcian					180.4 *
											Early Toarcian					182.9 *
		Pliensbachian									Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian									Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian									Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian														201.4
		Norian									Sevatian					208.5
											Alaunian					213.2 *
											Lacian					216.7 *
		Carnian									Tuvalian					227
		Carnian									Julian					233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian									Longobardian					237
		Ladinian									Fassanian					239.7 *
		Anisian									Illyrian					242
				Pelsonian	243.8 *
				Bithynian	244.7 *
				Aegean	245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Melekhovian		Dorashamian		251.902
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †		Dzhulfian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †		Dzhulfian	Tatarian	Vyatkian	256.8 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian		Midian	Severodvinian		259.51
		Wordian						Wordian			Urzhumian		264.28
				Noginskian									264.9 *
										Murgabian			266.2 *
		Roadian						Roadian	Kazanian		Povolzhian		266.9
		Roadian						Roadian	Kazanian		Sokian		270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Leonardian	Cathedralian	Kubergandian	Kungurian		Irenian/Ufimian	273.01
													Filipovian	276.5 *
				Pavlovoposadian										276.8 *
										Bolorian				279.8
													Saraninian	280.1 *
			Hessian				281.9 *						Saraninian
		Artinskian					Artinskian		Sarginian		283.5
									Irginian		285.9 *
										Yakhtashian	286
			Wolfcampian					Lenoxian			286.1 *
				Rusavkinian							287.6 *
									Burtsevian		287.8 *
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Sterlitamakian	290.1
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian		Sakmarian	Tastubian	291.7 *
		Asselian					Nealian	Asselian	Asselian	Shikhanian	293.52
										Uskalykian	294.8
										Surenian	297.5
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian		Dorogomilovian							303.7
				Khamovnikian							304.8
				Krevyakinian							305.8 *
		Moscovian		Myachkovian							307
				Podolskian							308.9 *
				Kashirian							311.4 *
				Vereian							313.8
				Melekessian							314.8
		Bashkirian		Melekessian							315.2
				Cheremshanian							316.9 *
				Prikamian							318.6 *
				Severokeltmian							319.9 *
				Krasnopolyanian							321.2 *
				Voznesenian							321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian		Zapaltjubian							323.2
				Protvian							324.4 *
				Steshevian							326.8 *
				Tarusian							329 *
		Visean		Venevian							330.9
				Mikhailovian							331.9 *
				Aleksinian							333.7 *
				Tulian							335.8 *
				Bobrikian							339.9 *
				Radaevkian							343.4 *
		Tournaisian		Kosvian							346.7
				Kizelian							350.7 *
				Cherepetian							351.9 *
				Karakubian							354.4 *
				Upinian							356.3 *
				Malevkian							357.6 *
				Gumerovian							358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									Wocklum/Dasberg/Hemberg/Nehden	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									Adorf	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									Emsian	393.3
		Pragian									Siegen	407.6
		Lochkovian			Gedinnine						410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										Cayugan	419.2
	Pridoli										Niagaran	422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				Lockportian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian				Ontarian						433.4
		Aeronian										438.5
												Alexandrian	438.7 *
						Medinan					Clinton		440.1 *
													440.7 *
		Rhuddanian											440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian											443.8
		Katian											445.2
		Sandbian											453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian											458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian											467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian											477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10											Datsonian	485.4
		Stage 10											Payntonian	486.8 *
		Jiangshanian											Iverian	489.5
		Paibian											Idamean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian											Series 3 †	Mindyallan	497
		Guzhangian												Boomerangian	499
		Drumian	Undillan				500.5
		Drumian	Floran				503
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †				Templetonian	504.5
		Wuliuan	Stage 5 †				Ordian	507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4					Ordian		509
																510.8 *