PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Carbo-Permian of the Russian Platform	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Mesozoic Subages		Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	European Faunal Zones	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan										Cenozoic 6					0
		Northgrippian															0.0042
		Greenlandian															0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian													Lujanian		0.129
		Chibanian													Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian													Ensenadan		0.774
		Calabrian													Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian												MN 17	Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †											MN 16	Vorohuean		2.58
														MN 16	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
														MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean															3.6
															Montehermosan		3.7 *
														MN 14	Montehermosan		4.2
														MN 13	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian												MN 13			5.333
		Tortonian												MN 12			7.246
														MN 11			7.75
														MN 11	Chasicoan		7.9 *
														MN 10			8.7
														MN 9			9.7
															Mayoan		9.9 *
															Laventan		10.9 *
														MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian										Cenozoic 5		MN 7 + 8			11.63
														MN 6			12.8 *
														MN 6	Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian												MN 5	Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian												MN 5	Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian												MN 4	Friasian		15.98
														MN 4	Santacrucian		16.2 *
														MN 3	Santacrucian		16.9
														MN 3	Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
														MN 2			20
		Aquitanian															20.44
															Deseadan		20.9 *
														MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										Cenozoic 4					23.03
		Rupelian															27.82
		Rupelian													Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian										Cenozoic 3			Tinguirirican		33.9
		Priabonian													Divisaderan		35.9 *
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian										Cenozoic 2					41.2
		Lutetian													Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian													Mustersan		47.8
		Ypresian													Casamayoran		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian										Cenozoic 1			Riochican		56
															Itaboraian		56.9 *
															Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
		Danian													Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8					66
		Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		Cretaceous 7					72.1
		Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		Cretaceous 6					83.6
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian		Cretaceous 4					100.5
										Middle Albian							106.2 *
										Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian								Late Aptian		Cretaceous 3					113
		Aptian		Early Aptian	119.5 *							Cretaceous 3
		Barremian		Late Barremian/Early Barremian	Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian		Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian		139.8
				Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
				Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	Jurassic 6	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5	149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian			152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian		157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian			161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras			Late Bajocian	168.2
				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			Late Bajocian	168.4
				Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense			Early Bajocian	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian	Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta		Late Toarcian		174.7
				Planulata				179.3 *
								Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
						Middle Toarcian			180.4 *
				Kanense					181.3 *
				Carlottense					182.3 *
				Carlottense		Early Toarcian			182.9 *
				Kunae		Early Toarcian			183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian	Jurassic 2		184.2
				Freboldi					185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi					Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
									Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras					Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian				Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian	Jurassic 1			192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras				Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites						196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4		201.4
		Norian					Sevatian			208.5
							Alaunian			213.2 *
							Lacian			216.7 *
		Carnian					Tuvalian	Triassic 3		227
		Carnian					Julian	Triassic 3		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					Longobardian	Triassic 2		237
		Ladinian					Fassanian			239.7 *
		Anisian					Illyrian			242
							Pelsonian			243.8 *
							Bithynian			244.7 *
							Aegean			245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Spathian	Triassic 1		247.2
		Olenekian					Smithian			248.9 *
		Induan					Dienerian			251.2
		Induan					Griesbachian			251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Melekhovian			Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian									Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian										264.28
		Wordian					Noginskian					264.9 *
		Roadian								Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Permian 2		273.01
		Kungurian					Pavlovoposadian					276.8 *
		Artinskian					Pavlovoposadian				Autunian	283.5
		Artinskian					Rusavkinian					287.6 *
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian								Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian					Dorogomilovian						303.7
							Khamovnikian						304.8
							Krevyakinian						305.8 *
							Krevyakinian						305.9
		Moscovian					Myachkovian			Carboniferous 4			307
							Podolskian						308.9 *
							Kashirian						311.4 *
							Vereian						313.8
							Melekessian						314.8
		Bashkirian					Melekessian						315.2
							Cheremshanian						316.9 *
							Prikamian						318.6 *
					Severokeltmian		319.9 *
					Krasnopolyanian		321.2 *
					Voznesenian		321.9 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			Zapaltjubian		Carboniferous 3			323.2
					Protvian					324.4 *
					Steshevian					326.8 *
					Tarusian					329 *
		Visean			Venevian		Carboniferous 2			330.9
					Mikhailovian					331.9 *
					Aleksinian					333.7 *
					Tulian					335.8 *
					Bobrikian					339.9 *
					Radaevkian					343.4 *
		Tournaisian			Kosvian		Carboniferous 1			346.7
					Kizelian					350.7 *
					Cherepetian					351.9 *
					Karakubian					354.4 *
					Upinian					356.3 *
					Malevkian					357.6 *
					Gumerovian					358 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Devonian 5			Late Famennian			358.9
									Middle Famennian	365.3 *
									Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian		Devonian 4		Late Frasnian	372.2
						Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
						Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian		Devonian 3		Late Givetian	382.7
						Middle Givetian	383.7 *
						Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian				Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian				Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian		Devonian 2		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian		Devonian 2		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian		Devonian 1		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian				Late Lochkovian	410.8
						Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
						Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli			Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1	433.4
		Aeronian		438.5
		Rhuddanian		440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5	445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4	453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3	458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2	467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2	470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan			485.4
		Stage 10					Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan	489.5
		Jiangshanian					Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian					Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †	Cambrian 4			Marjumian	Albertian †	497
		Drumian		Cambrian 4			Marjumian		500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †			Cambrian 3		Topazan	504.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †					Delamaran	506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4						Waucoban †	Delamaran	509
		Stage 4							Dyeran	511 *
		Stage 3					Cambrian 2		Dyeran	514
									Montezuman	514.8 *
									Begadean	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian					Cambrian 1			529
																	538.8