PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		North American Land Mammal Ages	Devonian Subages	Permian of Western Europe	Permian Subages of Germany
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian										0.0042
		Greenlandian										0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian						Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian						Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian						Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian										1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									2.58
		Zanclean										3.6
		Zanclean						Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian										5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian						Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian						Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian						Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian										13.82
		Burdigalian										15.98
								Hemingfordian				16.3
								Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian										20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian										23.03
		Rupelian										27.82
								Whitneyan				29.5
								Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian						Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean				37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian						Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian						Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian						Bridgerian				47.8
								Wasatchian				50.5
								Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian						Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian						Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian						Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian						Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein	Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian	Rotliegendes	Ohre/Aller		259.51
		Wordian			Wordian		Leine		264.28
		Roadian			Roadian				266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian				Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian							Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian				Autunian			Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian				Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian							Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian							Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								Late Famennian	358.9
										Middle Famennian	365.3 *
										Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian								Late Frasnian	372.2
										Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
										Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								Late Givetian	382.7
										Middle Givetian	383.7 *
										Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian								Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian								Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian								Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian								Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian								Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian								Late Lochkovian	410.8
										Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						423
	Ludlow	Gorstian						425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian						430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						433.4
		Aeronian						438.5
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †		497
		Drumian								500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †						504.5
												509