PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		North American Land Mammal Ages	Ordovician of Britain				South American Land Mammal Ages		North American Mammal Subages/Zones
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Saintaugustinean										0
		Meghalayan						Santarosean										0.0004
		Northgrippian																0.0042
		Greenlandian																0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Lujanian		Sheridanian			0.0117
		Late Pleistocene						Rancholabrean										0.014
		Chibanian						Rancholabrean										0.129
								Irvingtonian							Cudahyan/Sappan			0.21
													Ensenadan					0.3 *
		Calabrian																0.774
								Blancan							Senecan/Rexroadian			1.4
													Sanandresian	Uquian †				1.7 *
		Gelasian											Sanandresian					1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										Vorohuean					2.58
		Piacenzian											Chapadmalalan					2.9 *
		Zanclean											Chapadmalalan					3.6
													Montehermosan					3.7 *
								Hemphillian					Montehermosan		Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian			4.7
													Huayquerian					4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																5.333
		Tortonian																7.246
													Chasicoan					7.9 *
								Clarendonian					Chasicoan		Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian			9.4
													Mayoan					9.9 *
													Laventan					10.9 *
		Serravallian																11.63
								Barstovian							late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian			12.5
													Colloncuran					13.7 *
		Langhian											Colloncuran					13.82
		Langhian											Friasian					15.4 *
		Burdigalian											Friasian					15.98
													Santacrucian					16.2 *
								Hemingfordian					Santacrucian		Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			16.3
								Hemingfordian					Colhuehuapian		Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian			17.4 *
								Arikareean							late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian		18.5
		Aquitanian																20.44
		Aquitanian											Deseadan					20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																23.03
																Monroecreekian		23.1 *
																Geringian		24.7 *
		Rupelian																27.82
													Tinguirirican					28.9 *
								Whitneyan										29.5
								Orellan										31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Chadronian							Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			33.9
								Chadronian					Divisaderan		Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian			35.9 *
								Duchesnean										37
		Bartonian						Duchesnean										37.71
		Bartonian						Uintan							Late Uintan/Early Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian																41.2
													Mustersan					41.9 *
								Bridgerian							Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian			46.2
		Ypresian																47.8
													Casamayoran					47.9 *
								Wasatchian							Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean			50.5
								Clarkforkian									Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Clarkforkian					Riochican				Cf3/Cf2/Cf1	56
								Tiffanian					Riochican				Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1	56.2
													Itaboraian					56.9 *
													Peligran					58.9 *
		Selandian																59.2
		Selandian						Torrejonian									To3/To2/To1	60.9
		Danian																61.6
													Tiupampan					62.4 *
				Puercan	Pu3/Pu2/Pu1	63.8							Tiupampan
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					66
		Campanian					72.1
		Santonian					83.6
		Coniacian					86.3
		Turonian					89.8
		Cenomanian					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					100.5
		Aptian					113
		Barremian					121.4
		Hauterivian					125.77
		Valanginian					132.6
		Berriasian					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					145
		Kimmeridgian					149.2
		Oxfordian					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian					161.5
		Bathonian					165.3
		Bajocian					168.2
		Aalenian					170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					174.7
		Pliensbachian					184.2
		Sinemurian					192.9
		Hettangian					199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Capitanian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian						Wordian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian						Roadian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Leonardian	Cathedralian		273.01
		Kungurian							Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian							Hessian		283.5
		Artinskian						Wolfcampian	Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian							Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian							Nealian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									298.9
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian									307
		Bashkirian									315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									323.2
		Visean									330.9
		Tournaisian									346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian									382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian									387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian									393.3
		Pragian									407.6
		Lochkovian									410.8
Silurian	Pridoli										419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian									423
	Ludlow	Gorstian									425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian									427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
		Rhuddanian									440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	Rawtheyan	445.2
			Cautleyan	448.9 *
			Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
				Cheneyan		451.5 *
				Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian				453
					Actonian †	453.2 *
					Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †					454.2 *
					Longvillian †						455.2 *
				Aurelucian	Longvillian †						456.8 *
				Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian						457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn							458.4
		Darriwilian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							461.3 *
		Dapingian		Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn							467.3
		Dapingian	Arenig	Fennian							468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian		Fennian							470
				Whitlandian							471.1 *
				Moridunian							474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Tremadoc	Migneintian							477.7
			Tremadoc	Cressagian							480.8 *
											485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10									485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian									Series 3 †	497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan					Stage 5 †					504.5
																		509