PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. O. Woodburne. 1987. A prospectus of the North American Mammal Ages. In: Woodburne, M. O. (ed.), Cenozoic Mammals of North America. University of California Press, Berkelery, CA 285-290 view
J. Alroy. 2000. New methods for quantifying macroevolutionary patterns and processes. Paleobiology 26(4):707-733 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Central Paratethys Stages	North American Mammal Subages/Zones			Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Sheridanian							Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian										Sheridanian									0.129
												Cudahyan/Sappan									0.21
																			Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian																			0.774
												Senecan/Rexroadian									1.4
																			Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian																	Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																Vorohuean		2.58
		Piacenzian																	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
		Zanclean																	Chapadmalalan		3.6
																			Montehermosan		3.7 *
												Late Hemphillian/late Early Hemphillian/early Early Hemphillian							Montehermosan		4.7
																			Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																			5.333
		Tortonian									Pannonian										7.246
																			Chasicoan		7.9 *
												Late Clarendonian/Early Clarendonian							Chasicoan		9.4
																			Mayoan		9.9 *
																			Laventan		10.9 *
		Serravallian									Sarmatian										11.63
											Sarmatian	late Late Barstovian/early Late Barstovian/Early Barstovian									12.5
											Badenian										12.8 *
											Badenian								Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian																	Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian																	Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian																	Friasian		15.98
																			Santacrucian		16.2 *
												Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian							Santacrucian		16.3
												Late Hemingfordian/Early Hemingfordian							Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
												late Late Arikareean/early Late Arikareean/late Early Arikareean/early Early Arikareean	Harrisonian								18.5
		Aquitanian																			20.44
		Aquitanian																	Deseadan		20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian												23.03
													Monroecreekian								23.1 *
													Geringian								24.7 *
		Rupelian						Kekeamuan													27.82
																			Tinguirirican		28.9 *
																					29.5
	Eocene	Priabonian						Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian				Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian									33.9
												Late Chadronian/Middle Chadronian/Early Chadronian							Divisaderan		35.9 *
																					37
		Bartonian						Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan													37.71
		Bartonian										Late Uintan/Early Uintan									39.7
		Lutetian																			41.2
																			Mustersan		41.9 *
												Twinbuttean/Blacksforkian/Gardnerbuttian									46.2
		Ypresian							Bumbanian												47.8
																			Casamayoran		47.9 *
												Lostcabinian/Lysitean/Graybullian/Sandcouleean									50.5
														Cf3/Cf2/Cf1							54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Gashatan						Cf3/Cf2/Cf1					Riochican		56
														Ti6/Ti5/Ti4/Ti3/Ti2/Ti1					Riochican		56.2
																			Itaboraian		56.9 *
																			Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian																			59.2
		Selandian												To3/To2/To1							60.9
		Danian																			61.6
																			Tiupampan		62.4 *
														Pu3/Pu2/Pu1					Tiupampan		63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			66
		Campanian																			72.1
		Santonian																			83.6
		Coniacian																			86.3
		Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		100.5
		Aptian		113
		Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		145
		Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Oxfordian		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		168.2
		Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		174.7
		Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian			Wordian	264.28
		Roadian			Roadian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Leonardian	Cathedralian	273.01
		Kungurian				Hessian	281.9 *
		Artinskian				Hessian	283.5
		Artinskian			Wolfcampian	Lenoxian	286.1 *
		Sakmarian				Lenoxian	290.1
		Asselian				Nealian	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean					330.9
		Tournaisian					346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian					393.3
		Pragian					407.6
		Lochkovian					410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Cayugan		419.2
	Pridoli						Niagaran		422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Lockportian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian							430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian						Ontarian	433.4
		Aeronian							438.5
									Alexandrian	438.7 *
			Medinan				Clinton	440.1 *
								440.7 *
		Rhuddanian						440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian							Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian								Bohdalec †	Pirgu	445.2
			Kralodvorian									Vormsi	449.6 *
			Berounian									Vormsi	449.7 *
												Nabala	Johvi †	450 *
										Viru		Rakvere		450.6 *
												Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian										Keila	Idavere †	453
												Haljala		453.9
												Haljala		Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
												Kukruse				456.4 *
												Uhaku	Aluoja †			457.5 *
											Liben †					458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian														458.4
			Dobrotivian													458.5 *
			Dobrotivian									Lasnamagi				458.9 *
			Oretanian									Lasnamagi				459.7 *
												Aseri				460.4 *
											Sarka †	Aseri				461.7 *
										Oeland		Kunda				462.9 *
												Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum			464.3 *
												Volkhov				Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian									Klabava †						467.3
			Arenigian														468
												Billingen					469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian															470
													Latorp †				470.1 *
												Hunneberg					473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Ungurian								Tremadocian	Hunneberg						477.7
				Varangu								481.3 *
				Pakerort								482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Batyrbaian	Pakerort									485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian											489.5
			Aksaian										490.7 *
			Sakian										492.2 *
		Paibian	Sakian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †		Ayusokkanian	497
		Guzhangian				499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian	500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian	503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian	Stage 5 †							504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †							505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4											509
					Toyonian								510 *
					Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian								514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian								515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian								521
																					525.5