PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of North America		Ten Million Year Bins	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cambrian Epochs	Cenozoic Subepochs	North American Land Mammal Ages	Cretaceous-Cenozoic of New Zealand
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan						Cenozoic 6					Saintaugustinean	Wanganui	Haweran	0
		Meghalayan											Santarosean			0.0004
		Northgrippian														0.0042
		Greenlandian														0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Late Pleistocene										Late Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.014
		Chibanian										Middle Pleistocene	Rancholabrean			0.129
													Irvingtonian			0.21
															Castlecliffian	0.34
		Calabrian										Early Pleistocene				0.774
													Blancan			1.4
															Nukumaruan	1.63
		Gelasian													Nukumaruan	1.8
		Gelasian													Mangapanian	2.4
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									Late Pliocene			Mangapanian	2.58
		Piacenzian										Late Pliocene			Waipipian	3
		Zanclean										Early Pliocene			Waipipian	3.6
															Opoitian	3.7
													Hemphillian		Opoitian	4.7
	Miocene	Messinian										Late Miocene		Taranaki	Kapitean	5.333
		Messinian													Tongaporutuan	7.2
		Tortonian														7.246
													Clarendonian			9.4
														Southland	Waiauan	11.04
		Serravallian						Cenozoic 5				Middle Miocene				11.63
													Barstovian			12.5
															Lillburnian	13.05
		Langhian													Lillburnian	13.82
															Clifdenian	15.1
														Pareora	Altonian	15.9
		Burdigalian										Early Miocene				15.98
													Hemingfordian			16.3
													Arikareean			18.5
															Otaian	18.7
		Aquitanian													Otaian	20.44
		Aquitanian												Landon	Waitakian	21.7
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Cenozoic 4				Late Oligocene			Waitakian	23.03
															Duntroonian	25.2
															Whaingaroan	27.3
		Rupelian										Early Oligocene				27.82
													Whitneyan			29.5
													Orellan			31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian						Cenozoic 3				Late Eocene	Chadronian			33.9
														Arnold	Runangan	34.6
															Kaiatan	36.7
													Duchesnean			37
		Bartonian										Middle Eocene				37.71
															Bortonian	39.1
													Uintan			39.7
		Lutetian						Cenozoic 2								41.2
														Dannevirke	Porangan	42.6
															Heretaungan	45.7
													Bridgerian			46.2
		Ypresian										Early Eocene				47.8
															Mangaorapan	48.9
													Wasatchian		Mangaorapan	50.5
													Wasatchian		Waipawan	52
													Clarkforkian		Waipawan	54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Cenozoic 1				Late Paleocene	Clarkforkian		Teurian	56
		Thanetian										Late Paleocene	Tiffanian			56.2
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene	Tiffanian			59.2
		Selandian										Middle Paleocene	Torrejonian			60.9
		Danian										Early Paleocene	Torrejonian			61.6
		Danian										Early Paleocene	Puercan			63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian		Cretaceous 8	Lancian/Edmontonian			Mata	Haumurian	66
		Campanian		Cretaceous 7	Judithian/Aquilan				Haumurian	72.1
		Santonian		Cretaceous 6					Piripauan	83.6
		Santonian						Raukumara	Teratan	86.1
		Coniacian								86.3
		Turonian								89.8
									Mangaotanean	90.5
									Arowhanan	93.7
		Cenomanian		Cretaceous 5					Arowhanan	93.9
								Clarence	Ngaterian	95.2
									Motuan	99.5
	Early Cretaceous	Albian		Cretaceous 4					Motuan	100.5
									Urutawan	103.3
								Taitai	Korangan	108.4
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3					Korangan	113
		Aptian		Cretaceous 3						117.5
		Barremian		Cretaceous 2						121.4
		Hauterivian		Cretaceous 2						125.77
		Valanginian		Cretaceous 1						132.6
		Berriasian		Cretaceous 1						139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Jurassic 6						145
		Kimmeridgian		Jurassic 5						149.2
		Oxfordian								154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								161.5
		Bathonian		Jurassic 4						165.3
		Bajocian		Jurassic 4						168.2
		Aalenian		Jurassic 3						170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Jurassic 3						174.7
		Pliensbachian		Jurassic 2						184.2
		Sinemurian		Jurassic 1						192.9
		Hettangian		Jurassic 1						199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		Triassic 4						201.4
		Norian		Triassic 4						208.5
		Carnian		Triassic 3						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Triassic 2						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		Triassic 2						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Triassic 1						247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Triassic 1						251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Permian 4						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian								Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian									Capitanian	259.51
		Wordian									Wordian	264.28
		Roadian		Roadian							Permian 3	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian		Leonardian							Cathedralian	Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian									Hessian		281.9 *
		Artinskian									Hessian		283.5
		Artinskian		Wolfcampian							Lenoxian		286.1 *
		Sakmarian									Lenoxian		290.1
		Asselian									Nealian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										Carboniferous 5	298.9
		Kasimovian										Carboniferous 5	303.7
		Moscovian										Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian										Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian										Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean										Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian										Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										Devonian 5	Late Famennian	358.9
													Middle Famennian	365.3 *
													Early Famennian	368.5 *
		Frasnian										Devonian 4	Late Frasnian	372.2
													Middle Frasnian	375.4 *
													Early Frasnian	379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										Devonian 3	Late Givetian	382.7
													Middle Givetian	383.7 *
			Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian	Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian	Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2		Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2		Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian			Late Lochkovian	410.8
					Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
					Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2			419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian				423
	Ludlow	Gorstian				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			Ungurian	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Batyrbaian	Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian		489.5
						Aksaian		490.7 *
						Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian				Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			Cambrian 4	Ayusokkanian	Middle Cambrian	497
		Guzhangian							499.5
		Drumian					Zhanaarykian		500.5
		Drumian					Tuesaian		503
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Tuesaian		Cambrian 3	504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †				505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4						Early Cambrian		509
							Toyonian			510 *
							Botomian			512.5 *
		Stage 3					Botomian		Cambrian 2	514
		Stage 3					Atdabanian			515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2					Tommotian			521
		Stage 2								525.5
		Fortunian							Cambrian 1	529
																538.8