PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of China	Cambrian of China		European Faunal Units	Ordovician of the Baltic				Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene													Lujanian				0.0117
		Chibanian													Lujanian				0.129
		Chibanian													Ensenadan				0.3 *
		Calabrian													Ensenadan				0.774
		Calabrian													Sanandresian	Uquian †			1.7 *
		Gelasian													Sanandresian				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †						Villanyian						Vorohuean				2.58
									Villanyian						Chapadmalalan				2.9 *
									Ruscinian										3.1 *
		Zanclean																	3.6
															Montehermosan				3.7 *
															Huayquerian				4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian							Turolian										5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
															Chasicoan				7.9 *
									Vallesian						Chasicoan				8.7
															Mayoan				9.9 *
															Laventan				10.9 *
		Serravallian							Astaracian						Laventan				11.63
		Serravallian													Colloncuran				13.7 *
		Langhian													Colloncuran				13.82
		Langhian													Friasian				15.4 *
		Burdigalian							Orleanian						Friasian				15.98
															Santacrucian				16.2 *
															Colhuehuapian				17.4 *
									Agenian										20
		Aquitanian																	20.44
		Aquitanian													Deseadan				20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
		Rupelian																	27.82
		Rupelian													Tinguirirican				28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian													Tinguirirican				33.9
		Priabonian													Divisaderan				35.9 *
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Lutetian													Mustersan				41.9 *
		Ypresian													Mustersan				47.8
		Ypresian													Casamayoran				47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian													Riochican				56
															Itaboraian				56.9 *
															Peligran				58.9 *
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
		Danian													Tiupampan				62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																	66
		Campanian																	72.1
		Santonian																	83.6
		Coniacian																	86.3
		Turonian																	89.8
		Cenomanian																	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																	100.5
		Aptian																	113
		Barremian																	121.4
		Hauterivian																	125.77
		Valanginian																	132.6
		Berriasian																	139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																	145
		Kimmeridgian																	149.2
		Oxfordian																	154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																	161.5
		Bathonian																	165.3
		Bajocian																Epizigzagiceras	168.2
		Bajocian																Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
		Aalenian																Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
				Planulata	179.3 *
				Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense		181.3 *
				Carlottense		182.3 *
				Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
				Freboldi		185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
						Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian					192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites			196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites			199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					201.4
		Norian					208.5
		Carnian					227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian					237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian					242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian					Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan					Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian					Meishanian			251.902
		Changhsingian					Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Laoshanian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian					Longtanian †	Laibinian		Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian						Lengwuan		Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian						Kuhfengian		Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian						Kuhfengian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian						Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian						Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian						Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian						Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Zisongian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian									300.1
		Kasimovian									303.7
		Moscovian								Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian								Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean								Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian								Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian									358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian									372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Harju								Porkuni	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Pirgu		Rawtheyan	445.2
													Cautleyan	448.9 *
													Pusgillian	449.3 *
											Vormsi	Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Nabala				Johvi †	450 *
			Viru								Rakvere					450.6 *
											Rakvere		Cheneyan			451.5 *
											Oandu		Cheneyan			452 *
											Oandu		Burrellian			452.7 *
		Sandbian									Keila				Idavere †	453
											Keila			Actonian †		453.2 *
											Haljala			Actonian †		453.9
														Marshbrookian †		Woolstonian †	454.2 *
														Longvillian †			455.2 *
											Kukruse						456.4 *
													Aurelucian				456.8 *
														Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian			457.4 *
											Uhaku			Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian	Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Uhaku	Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
						Lasnamagi					458.9 *
						Aseri					460.4 *
				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn	461.3 *	Aseri
			Oeland		Kunda	462.9 *
					Kunda	Valaste †/Hunderum					464.3 *
					Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka		467.1 *
		Dapingian											467.3
				Arenig								Fennian	468.4 *
					Billingen								469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian											470
						Latorp †							470.1 *
												Whitlandian	471.1 *
					Hunneberg							Whitlandian	473.7 *
							Moridunian					474.3 *
		Tremadocian		Tremadoc			Migneintian					477.7
							Cressagian					480.8 *
					Varangu				481.3 *
					Pakerort				482.2 *
									485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Niuchehean			Taoyuanian †				485.4
													486.3 *
													486.5
		Jiangshanian				Jiangshanian		489.5
		Paibian				Paibian		494
		Paibian				Paibian		Waergangian †/Youshuanian	494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian				Series 3 †		Guzhangian	Wangcunian †				497
		Drumian						Drumian	Wangcunian †				500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian						504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4							Duyunian						509
	Series 2	Stage 3							Nangaoian	514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Meishucunian	521
		Fortunian							Meishucunian	529
		Fortunian							Jinnigian	530.7
																			538.8