PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of China	Permian of the Salt Range	Silurian of the Baltic	Cambrian Epochs	Silurian of England	Devonian of France	Carboniferous of North America	Mesozoic Subages
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †												2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean													3.6
	Miocene	Messinian													5.333
		Tortonian													7.246
		Serravallian													11.63
		Langhian													13.82
		Burdigalian													15.98
		Aquitanian													20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													33.9
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Ypresian													47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													56
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian											Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian		66
		Campanian											Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian		72.1
		Santonian											Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian		83.6
		Coniacian											Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian		86.3
		Turonian											Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian		89.8
		Cenomanian											Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian											Late Albian		100.5
													Middle Albian		106.2 *
													Early Albian		109.9 *
		Aptian											Late Aptian		113
		Aptian											Early Aptian		119.5 *
		Barremian											Late Barremian/Early Barremian		121.4
		Hauterivian											Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian		125.77
		Valanginian											Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian		132.6
		Berriasian											Late Berriasian		139.8
													Middle Berriasian		140.6 *
													Early Berriasian		142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian											Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian											Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian											Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian											Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian											Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian												Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian											Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian											Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian											Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian											Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian											Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian											Late Toarcian		174.7
													Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
													Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian											Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian											Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian											Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian													201.4
		Norian											Sevatian		208.5
													Alaunian		213.2 *
													Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian											Tuvalian		227
		Carnian											Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian											Longobardian		237
		Ladinian											Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian											Illyrian		242
													Pelsonian		243.8 *
													Bithynian		244.7 *
													Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian											Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
				Griesbachian	251.4 *
				Griesbachian	Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian	Kathwai		251.902
							252.4 *
					Chhidru		252.9 *
				Baoqingian			253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †			Laoshanian	254.14
					Kalabagh			255 *
					Wargal			256 *
							Laibinian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Lengwuan	259.51
		Wordian					Kuhfengian	264.28
								265.3 *
					Amb			266.1 *
		Roadian			Amb			266.9
		Roadian			270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian		Bursumian †	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian		Virgilian	298.9
		Gzhelian					Virgilian	300.1
		Kasimovian					Missourian	303.7
		Kasimovian					Desmoinesian	305.9 *
		Moscovian					Desmoinesian	307
		Moscovian					Atokan	312.7 *
		Bashkirian					Atokan	315.2
		Bashkirian					Morrowan	318.4 *
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Chesterian	323.2
		Visean					Chesterian	330.9
							Meramecian	335.8 *
							Osagean	343.1 *
		Tournaisian					Osagean	346.7
		Tournaisian					Kinderhookian	351.9 *
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian					Famennian		358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian					Frasnian		372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian					Givetian		382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian					Couvinien		387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian							393.3
		Pragian							407.6
		Pragian					Coblencien		408.2 *
		Lochkovian					Gedinnine		410.8
Silurian	Pridoli						Ohesaare		Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	419.2
							Ohesaare			Bringewood/Elton	421.3
							Kaugetuma			Bringewood/Elton	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					Kuressaare		Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423
		Ludfordian					Paadla			Wenlock (England)/Tickwood	423.4 *
		Gorstian									425.6
		Gorstian								Buildwas	426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian					Rootsikula			Buildwas	427.4
							Rootsikula		Wych	Woolhope	428.4 *
							Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian					Jaagarahu				430.5
		Sheinwoodian					Jaani				431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian					Jaani				433.4
							Adavere				434 *
											436.3 *
		Aeronian									438.5
									Cowleigh Park		439.3 *
							Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian					Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian					Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Harju	Porkuni	443.8
		Katian										Pirgu	445.2
												Vormsi	449.6 *
						Nabala						Johvi †	450 *
						Viru					Rakvere		450.6 *
											Oandu		452 *
		Sandbian									Keila	Idavere †	453
											Haljala		453.9
											Kukruse		456.4 *
											Uhaku	Aluoja †	457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									Uhaku		458.4
				Lasnamagi							458.9 *
				Aseri							460.4 *
				Oeland		Kunda					462.9 *
						Kunda					Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov						Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka	467.1 *
		Dapingian	467.3			Volkhov
		Dapingian	Billingen			469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				470
						Latorp †						470.1 *
			Hunneberg									473.7 *
		Tremadocian	Hunneberg									477.7
			Varangu									481.3 *
			Pakerort		482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Pakerort		Late Cambrian							485.4
												486.3 *
												486.5
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †							Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian											500.5
		Wuliuan											Stage 5 †	504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3												514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
															538.8