PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

Show more time

Show linear time

International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of China	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Carboniferous Subepochs	South American Land Mammal Ages		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of the Baltic				Devonian Subages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene							Lujanian								0.0117
		Chibanian							Lujanian								0.129
		Chibanian							Ensenadan								0.3 *
		Calabrian							Ensenadan								0.774
		Calabrian							Sanandresian	Uquian †							1.7 *
		Gelasian							Sanandresian								1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †						Vorohuean								2.58
		Piacenzian							Chapadmalalan								2.9 *
		Zanclean							Chapadmalalan								3.6
									Montehermosan								3.7 *
									Huayquerian								4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian									Pannonian						7.246
									Chasicoan								7.9 *
									Mayoan								9.9 *
									Laventan								10.9 *
		Serravallian									Sarmatian						11.63
											Badenian						12.8 *
									Colloncuran		Badenian						13.7 *
		Langhian							Colloncuran								13.82
		Langhian							Friasian								15.4 *
		Burdigalian							Friasian								15.98
									Santacrucian								16.2 *
									Colhuehuapian								17.4 *
		Aquitanian							Colhuehuapian								20.44
		Aquitanian							Deseadan								20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian															23.03
		Rupelian															27.82
		Rupelian							Tinguirirican								28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian							Tinguirirican								33.9
		Priabonian							Divisaderan								35.9 *
		Bartonian															37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Lutetian							Mustersan								41.9 *
		Ypresian							Mustersan								47.8
		Ypresian							Casamayoran								47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Riochican								56
									Itaboraian								56.9 *
									Peligran								58.9 *
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
		Danian							Tiupampan								62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian															66
		Campanian															72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian															145
		Kimmeridgian															149.2
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Pliensbachian															184.2
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian		201.4
		Norian		208.5
		Carnian		227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian		242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan		Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Meishanian		251.902
		Changhsingian		Baoqingian		253.4 *
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Laoshanian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †	Laibinian	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	257.7 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Lengwuan	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian			Kuhfengian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian			Kuhfengian	Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian			Luodianian		273.01
		Artinskian			Luodianian		283.5
		Artinskian			Longlinian		285.4 *
		Sakmarian			Longlinian		290.1
		Asselian			Zisongian		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian			Zisongian		Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Gzhelian						300.1
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian					Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian					Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean					Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian					Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian		358.9
								Middle Famennian		365.3 *
								Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian		372.2
								Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
								Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian		382.7
								Middle Givetian		383.7 *
								Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Late Emsian		393.3
		Emsian						Early Emsian		398.3 *
		Pragian						Pragian		407.6
		Lochkovian	Late Lochkovian					410.8
			Middle Lochkovian					412.8 *
			Early Lochkovian					415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli							Ohesaare	419.2
	Pridoli							Kaugetuma	421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian						Kuressaare	423
		Ludfordian						Paadla	423.4 *
		Gorstian						Paadla	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian						Rootsikula	427.4
		Homerian						Jaagarahu	429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian						Jaagarahu	430.5
		Sheinwoodian						Jaani	431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian						Jaani	433.4
		Telychian						Adavere	434 *
		Aeronian						Adavere	438.5
		Aeronian						Raikkula	439.4 *
		Rhuddanian						Raikkula	440.8
		Rhuddanian						Juuru	441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						Harju	Porkuni		Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian							Pirgu			Gamachian	445.2
									Pirgu			Richmondian	446 *
									Vormsi			Richmondian	449.6 *
									Vormsi			Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
									Nabala			Maysvillian		Johvi †	450 *
									Nabala			Edenian			450.4 *
								Viru	Rakvere			Edenian			450.6 *
									Rakvere		Mohawkian	Chatfieldian			451.1 *
									Oandu						452 *
		Sandbian							Keila					Idavere †	453
									Keila			Turinian			453.7 *
									Haljala						453.9
									Kukruse						456.4 *
									Kukruse		Whiterockian		Canadian †		Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
									Uhaku					Aluoja †		457.5 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian		458.4					Uhaku
				Lasnamagi					458.9 *
				Aseri					460.4 *
				Oeland		Kunda		462.9 *
						Kunda		Valaste †/Hunderum	464.3 *
						Volkhov			Langevoja †/Vaana/Saka					467.1 *
		Dapingian												467.3
												Rangerian		469.1 *
						Billingen						Rangerian		469.3 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian			Ibexian						Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †		Cassinian †	470
								Latorp †							470.1 *
						Hunneberg									473.7 *
											Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian									Tulean				477.7
											Stairsian				480.3 *
						Varangu					Stairsian				481.3 *
						Varangu	Skullrockian				Demingian †			482 *
						Pakerort					Demingian †			482.2 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Pakerort								485.4
														486.3 *
														486.5
														487.5
		Jiangshanian												489.5
		Paibian												494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian												Series 3 †	497
		Drumian													500.5
		Wuliuan													Stage 5 †	504.5
																	509