PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of the Salt Range	Mesozoic Subages		North American Land Mammal Ages	Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan							Saintaugustinean				0
		Meghalayan							Santarosean				0.0004
		Northgrippian											0.0042
		Greenlandian											0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											0.0117
		Late Pleistocene							Rancholabrean				0.014
		Chibanian							Rancholabrean				0.129
		Chibanian							Irvingtonian				0.21
		Calabrian							Irvingtonian				0.774
		Calabrian							Blancan				1.4
		Gelasian											1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †										2.58
		Zanclean											3.6
		Zanclean							Hemphillian				4.7
	Miocene	Messinian											5.333
		Tortonian											7.246
		Tortonian							Clarendonian				9.4
		Serravallian							Clarendonian				11.63
		Serravallian							Barstovian				12.5
		Langhian											13.82
		Burdigalian											15.98
									Hemingfordian				16.3
									Arikareean				18.5
		Aquitanian											20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian											23.03
		Rupelian											27.82
									Whitneyan				29.5
									Orellan				31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian							Chadronian				33.9
		Priabonian							Duchesnean				37
		Bartonian							Duchesnean				37.71
		Bartonian							Uintan				39.7
		Lutetian							Uintan				41.2
		Lutetian							Bridgerian				46.2
		Ypresian							Bridgerian				47.8
									Wasatchian				50.5
									Clarkforkian				54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian							Clarkforkian				56
		Thanetian							Tiffanian				56.2
		Selandian							Tiffanian				59.2
		Selandian							Torrejonian				60.9
		Danian							Torrejonian				61.6
		Danian							Puercan				63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian					Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian						66
		Campanian					Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian						72.1
		Santonian					Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian						83.6
		Coniacian					Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian						86.3
		Turonian					Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian						89.8
		Cenomanian					Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian						93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian					Late Albian						100.5
							Middle Albian						106.2 *
							Early Albian						109.9 *
		Aptian					Late Aptian						113
		Aptian					Early Aptian						119.5 *
		Barremian					Late Barremian/Early Barremian						121.4
		Hauterivian					Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian						125.77
		Valanginian					Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian						132.6
		Berriasian					Late Berriasian						139.8
							Middle Berriasian						140.6 *
							Early Berriasian						142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					145
		Tithonian					Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian					146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian					Late Kimmeridgian						149.2
		Kimmeridgian					Early Kimmeridgian						152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		Epizigzagiceras	168.2
				Late Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.4
				Early Bajocian		Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense	168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta	174.7
						Planulata	179.3 *
							Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
						Kanense		181.3 *
						Carlottense		182.3 *
				Early Toarcian		Carlottense		182.9 *
				Early Toarcian		Kunae		183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		Kunae		184.2
						Freboldi		185.1 *
						Whiteavesi/Imlayi		Tetraspidoceras		186.2 *
								Tetraspidoceras		189.2 *
						Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras		Canadensis		190.3 *
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian						192.9
						Pseudaetomoceras	Psiloceras			196.4 *
						Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								201.4
		Norian		Sevatian						208.5
				Alaunian						213.2 *
				Lacian						216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian						227
		Carnian		Julian						233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian						237
		Ladinian		Fassanian						239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian						242
				Pelsonian						243.8 *
				Bithynian						244.7 *
				Aegean						245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian						247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian						248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian						251.2
				Griesbachian						251.4 *
				Griesbachian						Kathwai	251.5 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian								Kathwai	251.902
									252.4 *
			Chhidru						252.9 *
		Wuchiapingian	Chhidru						Longtanian †	254.14
			Kalabagh							255 *
			Wargal							256 *
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								259.51
		Wordian								264.28
										265.3 *
			Amb							266.1 *
		Roadian	Amb							266.9
		Roadian								270.7 *
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Artinskian								283.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian			423
	Ludlow	Gorstian			425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian			427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			Ashgill					Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian								Rawtheyan	445.2
										Cautleyan	448.9 *
										Pusgillian	449.3 *
					Caradoc					Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
										Cheneyan		451.5 *
										Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian						453
								Actonian †			453.2 *
						Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
						Longvillian †		455.2 *
						Longvillian †		Aurelucian		456.8 *
						Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		Aurelucian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn				458.4
		Darriwilian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				461.3 *
		Dapingian				Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn				467.3
		Dapingian			Arenig	Fennian				468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian				Fennian				470
						Whitlandian				471.1 *
						Moridunian				474.3 *
		Tremadocian			Tremadoc	Migneintian				477.7
					Tremadoc	Cressagian				480.8 *
										485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Late Cambrian	485.4
		Jiangshanian									489.5
		Paibian									494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †						Middle Cambrian	497
		Drumian									500.5
		Wuliuan							Stage 5 †		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Early Cambrian	509
	Series 2	Stage 3									514
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2									521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian									529
													538.8