PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of Western Europe	South American Land Mammal Ages		Ordovician of China			Ordovician of Britain				Carboniferous Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Ammonite Chrons of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Lujanian													0.0117
		Chibanian					Lujanian													0.129
		Chibanian					Ensenadan													0.3 *
		Calabrian					Ensenadan													0.774
		Calabrian					Sanandresian	Uquian †												1.7 *
		Gelasian					Sanandresian													1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Vorohuean													2.58
		Piacenzian					Chapadmalalan													2.9 *
		Zanclean					Chapadmalalan													3.6
							Montehermosan													3.7 *
							Huayquerian													4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian																		5.333
		Tortonian																		7.246
							Chasicoan													7.9 *
							Mayoan													9.9 *
							Laventan													10.9 *
		Serravallian					Laventan													11.63
		Serravallian					Colloncuran													13.7 *
		Langhian					Colloncuran													13.82
		Langhian					Friasian													15.4 *
		Burdigalian					Friasian													15.98
							Santacrucian													16.2 *
							Colhuehuapian													17.4 *
		Aquitanian					Colhuehuapian													20.44
		Aquitanian					Deseadan													20.9 *
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																		23.03
		Rupelian																		27.82
		Rupelian					Tinguirirican													28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian					Tinguirirican													33.9
		Priabonian					Divisaderan													35.9 *
		Bartonian																		37.71
		Lutetian																		41.2
		Lutetian					Mustersan													41.9 *
		Ypresian					Mustersan													47.8
		Ypresian					Casamayoran													47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian					Riochican													56
							Itaboraian													56.9 *
							Peligran													58.9 *
		Selandian																		59.2
		Danian																		61.6
		Danian					Tiupampan													62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian																		145
		Kimmeridgian																		149.2
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																Epizigzagiceras		168.2
		Bajocian																Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense		168.4
		Aalenian																Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta		174.7
																		Planulata		179.3 *
																		Planulata	Arnioceras arnouldi	179.8 *
				Kanense	181.3 *
				Carlottense	182.3 *
				Kunae	183.5 *
		Pliensbachian		Kunae	184.2
				Freboldi	185.1 *
				Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras	186.2 *
					Tetraspidoceras	189.2 *
				Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis	190.3 *
		Sinemurian				192.9
				Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras		196.4 *
				Franziceras/Euphyllites				196.5 *
		Hettangian		Franziceras/Euphyllites				199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						201.4
		Norian						208.5
		Carnian						227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian						242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Vokhmian	247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan						Vokhmian	251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian						Longtanian †	Zechstein	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian							Rotliegendes	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian								Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Roadian								Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Artinskian							Autunian		283.5
		Sakmarian									290.1
		Asselian									293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian									Late Pennsylvanian	298.9
		Kasimovian									Late Pennsylvanian	303.7
		Moscovian									Middle Pennsylvanian	307
		Bashkirian									Early Pennsylvanian	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian									Late Mississippian	323.2
		Visean									Middle Mississippian	330.9
		Tournaisian									Early Mississippian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian										358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian										372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian										382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian										387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian										393.3
		Pragian										407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Hirnantian				Xiaoxita †/Shikou					Wufeng †	Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian	Chientangkiangian											Rawtheyan	445.2
														Cautleyan	448.9 *
														Pusgillian	449.3 *
			Neichianshanian/Hanjiang											Pusgillian	449.5
													Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
														Cheneyan		451.5 *
														Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian														453
															Actonian †	453.2 *
															Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
															Longvillian †		455.2 *
														Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
														Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian				Guniu †/Hulo						Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
							Guniu †/Hulo							Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
							Hunjiang †					Dawan †/Daobaowan/Ningkuo					466.3 *
		Dapingian	Dapingian														467.3
		Dapingian	Dapingian										Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Yiyangian											Fennian			470
														Whitlandian			471.1 *
														Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian	Xinchangian										Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
												Lianghekou †		Migneintian			477.9 *
					Cressagian									480.8 *
														485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10					485.4
		Jiangshanian					489.5
		Paibian					494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian					Series 3 †					497
		Drumian										500.5
		Wuliuan						Stage 5 †				504.5
																				509