PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of Western Europe	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cambrian of West Avalonia	Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †														2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean															3.6
	Miocene	Messinian															5.333
		Tortonian															7.246
		Serravallian															11.63
		Langhian															13.82
		Burdigalian															15.98
		Aquitanian															20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian													Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian													Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian		33.9
		Bartonian													Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan		37.71
		Lutetian															41.2
		Ypresian														Bumbanian	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian													Gashatan		56
		Selandian															59.2
		Danian															61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian												Lancian/Edmontonian			66
		Campanian												Judithian/Aquilan			72.1
		Santonian															83.6
		Coniacian															86.3
		Turonian															89.8
		Cenomanian															93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian															100.5
		Aptian															113
		Barremian															121.4
		Hauterivian															125.77
		Valanginian															132.6
		Berriasian															139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian					Oteke	Puaroan									145
		Kimmeridgian					Oteke	Puaroan									149.2
							Kawhia	Ohauan									150
								Heterian									154.5
		Oxfordian															154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian															161.5
		Callovian						Temaikan									164.3
		Bathonian															165.3
		Bajocian															168.2
		Aalenian															170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian															174.7
		Toarcian					Herangi	Ururoan									176
		Pliensbachian						Ururoan									184.2
		Pliensbachian						Aratauran									188.9
		Sinemurian															192.9
		Hettangian															199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian					Balfour	Otapirian									201.4
		Norian						Warepan									208.5
								Otamitan									217
								Oretian									221
		Carnian						Oretian									227
		Carnian					Gore	Kaihikuan									227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian						Kaihikuan									237
		Ladinian						Etalian									238
		Anisian						Etalian									242
		Anisian						Malakovian									246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian						Malakovian									247.2
		Olenekian						Nelsonian									249
		Induan						Nelsonian									251.2
		Induan					DUrville	Makarewan									251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Makarewan									251.902
		Changhsingian						Waiitian									253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Zechstein		Waiitian									254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Zechstein		Puruhauan									254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Rotliegendes	Aparima	Flettian									259.51
		Wordian			264.28			Flettian
		Wordian			Barettian			266
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Kungurian			Mangapirian			276
		Artinskian			Mangapirian	Autunian		283.5
					Telfordian			285
								288.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian						Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian							307
		Bashkirian							315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian							323.2
		Visean							330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Kosovian						443.8
		Katian	Kralodvorian						Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian	Berounian							449.7 *
		Sandbian								453
										Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
									Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										458.4
			Dobrotivian									458.5 *
			Oretanian									459.7 *
									Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian							Klabava †			467.3
		Dapingian	Arenigian									468
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Arenigian									470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Tremadocian									477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10										485.4
		Jiangshanian										489.5
		Paibian										494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian										Series 3 †	497
		Guzhangian											Arcadian	498.4
		Drumian												500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †										504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4											Branchian	509
		Stage 3											Branchian	514
		Stage 3											Placentian	517.1
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2												521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian												529
																	538.8