PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of Western Europe	Cambrian of Australia	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Devonian of Czechoslovakia	European Faunal Zones	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Lujanian		0.0117
		Chibanian											Lujanian		0.129
		Chibanian											Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian											Ensenadan		0.774
		Calabrian											Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian										MN 17	Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									MN 16	Vorohuean		2.58
												MN 16	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
												MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean													3.6
													Montehermosan		3.7 *
												MN 14	Montehermosan		4.2
												MN 13	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian										MN 13			5.333
		Tortonian										MN 12			7.246
												MN 11			7.75
												MN 11	Chasicoan		7.9 *
												MN 10			8.7
												MN 9			9.7
													Mayoan		9.9 *
													Laventan		10.9 *
												MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian										MN 7 + 8			11.63
												MN 6			12.8 *
												MN 6	Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian										MN 5	Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian										MN 5	Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian										MN 4	Friasian		15.98
												MN 4	Santacrucian		16.2 *
												MN 3	Santacrucian		16.9
												MN 3	Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
												MN 2			20
		Aquitanian													20.44
													Deseadan		20.9 *
												MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian													23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
		Rupelian											Tinguirirican		28.9 *
	Eocene	Priabonian											Tinguirirican		33.9
		Priabonian											Divisaderan		35.9 *
		Bartonian													37.71
		Lutetian													41.2
		Lutetian											Mustersan		41.9 *
		Ypresian											Mustersan		47.8
		Ypresian											Casamayoran		47.9 *
	Paleocene	Thanetian											Riochican		56
													Itaboraian		56.9 *
													Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian													59.2
		Danian													61.6
		Danian											Tiupampan		62.4 *
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian						Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian							66
		Campanian						Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian							72.1
		Santonian						Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian							83.6
		Coniacian						Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian							86.3
		Turonian						Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian							89.8
		Cenomanian						Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian							93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian						Late Albian							100.5
								Middle Albian							106.2 *
								Early Albian							109.9 *
		Aptian						Late Aptian							113
		Aptian						Early Aptian							119.5 *
		Barremian						Late Barremian/Early Barremian							121.4
		Hauterivian						Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian							125.77
		Valanginian		Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	132.6
		Berriasian		Late Berriasian	139.8
				Middle Berriasian	140.6 *
				Early Berriasian	142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian		Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	145
		Tithonian		Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian		Late Kimmeridgian		149.2
		Kimmeridgian		Early Kimmeridgian		152.2 *
		Oxfordian		Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	154.8
		Oxfordian			Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian	157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian		Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian		161.5
		Bathonian		Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian		165.3
		Bajocian		Late Bajocian		168.2
		Bajocian		Early Bajocian		168.6 *
		Aalenian		Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian		Late Toarcian		174.7
				Middle Toarcian		180.4 *
				Early Toarcian		182.9 *
		Pliensbachian		Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian		184.2
		Sinemurian		Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian		192.9
		Hettangian		Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian				201.4
		Norian		Sevatian		208.5
				Alaunian		213.2 *
				Lacian		216.7 *
		Carnian		Tuvalian		227
		Carnian		Julian		233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian		237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian		247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian				Longtanian †	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian					Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian						264.28
		Roadian						266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian						273.01
		Artinskian					Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian						290.1
		Asselian						293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						298.9
		Kasimovian						303.7
		Moscovian						307
		Bashkirian						315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Late Famennian					358.9
			Middle Famennian					365.3 *
			Early Famennian					368.5 *
		Frasnian	Late Frasnian					372.2
			Middle Frasnian					375.4 *
			Early Frasnian					379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Srbsko					Late Givetian	382.7
								Middle Givetian	383.7 *
								Early Givetian	385.9 *
		Eifelian	Chotec					Late Eifelian	387.7
		Eifelian	Chotec					Early Eifelian	390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian					Late Emsian	393.3
		Emsian	Daleje/Zlichovian					Early Emsian	398.3 *
		Pragian	Pragian					Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	Lochkovian					Late Lochkovian	410.8
								Middle Lochkovian	412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian	415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							423
	Ludlow	Gorstian							425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian							427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian			430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian			433.4
		Aeronian			438.5
		Rhuddanian			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian			443.8
		Katian			445.2
		Sandbian			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian			Ungurian				477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10			Datsonian				Batyrbaian	Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
					Payntonian						486.8 *
					Payntonian						Sunwaptan	487.5
		Jiangshanian			Iverian							489.5
									Aksaian			490.7 *
									Sakian			492.2 *
											Steptoean	493 *
		Paibian			Idamean						Steptoean	494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian			Series 3 †				Mindyallan	Ayusokkanian	Marjumian	Albertian †	497
									Boomerangian	Ayusokkanian			499
									Boomerangian				499.5
		Drumian							Undillan	Zhanaarykian			500.5
		Drumian							Floran	Tuesaian			503
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †			Templetonian	Tuesaian	Topazan		504.5
											Topazan		505.3
											Delamaran		506.5
				Ordian					507.8 *
	Series 2	Stage 4							Waucoban †			509
										Toyonian		510 *
												510.8 *
											Dyeran	511 *
										Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3										514
											Montezuman	514.8 *
										Atdabanian	Montezuman	515.6 *
							Begadean			Atdabanian	519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2								Tommotian	521
		Stage 2									525.5
		Fortunian									529
															538.8