PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
B. D. Webby. 1998. Steps toward a global standard for Ordovician stratigraphy. Newsletters in Stratigraphy 36:1-33 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian of Western Europe	Ordovician of Australia	Permian Subages of Germany	Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Cenozoic Subepochs	Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	Cambrian of China		Cambrian of Siberia			Cretaceous Subepochs	Ordovician of Britain
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene									Late Pleistocene									0.0117
		Chibanian									Middle Pleistocene									0.129
		Calabrian									Early Pleistocene									0.774
		Gelasian									Early Pleistocene									1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †								Late Pliocene									2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean									Early Pliocene									3.6
	Miocene	Messinian									Late Miocene									5.333
		Tortonian									Late Miocene									7.246
		Serravallian									Middle Miocene									11.63
		Langhian									Middle Miocene									13.82
		Burdigalian									Early Miocene									15.98
		Aquitanian									Early Miocene									20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian									Late Oligocene									23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian									Early Oligocene									27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian									Late Eocene									33.9
		Bartonian									Middle Eocene									37.71
		Lutetian									Middle Eocene									41.2
		Ypresian									Early Eocene									47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian									Late Paleocene									56
		Selandian									Middle Paleocene									59.2
		Danian									Early Paleocene									61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																Senonian		66
		Campanian																		72.1
		Santonian																		83.6
		Coniacian																		86.3
		Turonian																		89.8
		Cenomanian																		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																Gallic		100.5
		Aptian																		113
		Barremian																		121.4
		Hauterivian																Neocomian		125.77
		Valanginian																		132.6
		Berriasian																		139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian							Oteke	Puaroan										145
		Kimmeridgian							Oteke	Puaroan										149.2
									Kawhia	Ohauan										150
										Heterian										154.5
		Oxfordian																		154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																		161.5
		Callovian								Temaikan										164.3
		Bathonian																		165.3
		Bajocian																		168.2
		Aalenian																		170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian																		174.7
		Toarcian							Herangi	Ururoan										176
		Pliensbachian								Ururoan										184.2
		Pliensbachian								Aratauran										188.9
		Sinemurian																		192.9
		Hettangian																		199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian							Balfour	Otapirian										201.4
		Norian								Warepan										208.5
										Otamitan										217
										Oretian										221
		Carnian								Oretian										227
		Carnian							Gore	Kaihikuan										227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Kaihikuan										237
		Ladinian								Etalian										238
		Anisian								Etalian										242
		Anisian								Malakovian										246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian								Malakovian		Vokhmian								247.2
		Olenekian								Nelsonian										249
		Induan								Nelsonian										251.2
		Induan							DUrville	Makarewan										251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian						Buntsandstein		Makarewan										251.902
		Changhsingian		Waiitian	253.2
		Wuchiapingian		Waiitian	Longtanian †	Zechstein	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.14
		Wuchiapingian		Puruhauan	Longtanian †	Zechstein	Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian			254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Rotliegendes	Ohre/Aller	Aparima	Flettian	Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	259.51
		Wordian				Leine		Flettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	264.28
		Wordian				Leine		Barettian	Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian	266
		Roadian							Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								273.01
		Kungurian						Mangapirian		276
		Artinskian			Autunian			Mangapirian		283.5
								Telfordian		285
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	423
	Ludlow	Gorstian	425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian	430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	433.4
		Aeronian	438.5
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Bolindian							Ashgill	Hirnantian	443.8
		Katian									Rawtheyan	445.2
											Cautleyan	448.9 *
			Eastonian								Cautleyan	449 *
											Pusgillian	449.3 *
										Caradoc	Streffordian	Onnian †	449.6 *
											Cheneyan		451.5 *
			Gisbornian								Cheneyan		452 *
											Burrellian		452.7 *
		Sandbian											453
												Actonian †	453.2 *
												Marshbrookian †	Woolstonian †	454.2 *
												Longvillian †		455.2 *
											Aurelucian	Longvillian †		456.8 *
											Aurelucian	Soudleyan †/Harnagian/Costonian		457.4 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Darriwilian							Llanvirn	Llandeilian/Llandeilo/Late Llandeilo/Middle Llandeilo/Early Llandeilo/Late Llanvirn			458.4
		Darriwilian	Darriwilian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			461.3 *
		Dapingian	Yapeenian								Abereiddian/Early Llanvirn			467.3
			Yapeenian							Arenig	Fennian			468.4 *
			Castlemainian											468.5 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Chewtonian											470
			Chewtonian								Whitlandian			471.1 *
			Bendigonian											471.8 *
			Lancefieldian											473.5 *
											Moridunian			474.3 *
		Tremadocian								Tremadoc	Migneintian			477.7
											Cressagian			480.8 *
			Warendian											482.8 *
														Mansian †	483.55 *
														Mansian †	485 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10												Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian	485.4
		Jiangshanian		Jiangshanian										489.5		Batyrbaian
														Aksaian		490.7 *
														Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian		Paibian		494
						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			494.7 *
						Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian			Waergangian †/Youshuanian						494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †		Guzhangian			Wangcunian †					Ayusokkanian			497
		Guzhangian				Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian			499.5
		Drumian				Drumian	500.5							Mayan/Menevian
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †	Wuliuan/Taijangian		Amgan/Solvan					504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Duyunian		Amgan/Solvan					509
					Toyonian				Lenian †					510 *
					Botomian									512.5 *
		Stage 3			Botomian		Nangaoian							514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian		Nangaoian							515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Meishucunian		Tommotian							521
		Stage 2					Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian							Manykaian †					529
		Fortunian			Jinnigian				Manykaian †					530.7
																				538.8