PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
Z.-X. Qiu and Z.-D. Qiu. 1995. Chronological sequence and subdivision of Chinese Neogene mammalian faunas. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 116(1-2):41-70 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian Subages of Germany	Neogene Mammal Ages of China	Cenozoic Subepochs	Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Silurian of North America
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene					Nihewanian	Late Pleistocene				0.0117
		Chibanian						Middle Pleistocene				0.129
		Calabrian						Early Pleistocene				0.774
		Gelasian						Early Pleistocene				1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †				Yushean	Late Pliocene				2.58
		Zanclean					Yushean	Early Pliocene				3.6
		Zanclean					Baodean	Early Pliocene				4.9
	Miocene	Messinian						Late Miocene				5.333
		Tortonian										7.246
		Tortonian					Tunggurian					11.1
		Serravallian					Tunggurian	Middle Miocene				11.63
		Langhian					Shanwangian	Middle Miocene				13.82
		Burdigalian					Shanwangian	Early Miocene				15.98
		Burdigalian					Xiejiaan					16.9
		Aquitanian					Xiejiaan					20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian						Late Oligocene	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian						Early Oligocene	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian						Late Eocene	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			33.9
		Bartonian						Middle Eocene	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			37.71
		Lutetian						Middle Eocene				41.2
		Ypresian						Early Eocene		Bumbanian		47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian						Late Paleocene	Gashatan			56
		Selandian						Middle Paleocene				59.2
		Danian						Early Paleocene				61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian										66
		Campanian										72.1
		Santonian										83.6
		Coniacian										86.3
		Turonian										89.8
		Cenomanian										93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian										100.5
		Aptian										113
		Barremian										121.4
		Hauterivian										125.77
		Valanginian										132.6
		Berriasian										139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian										145
		Kimmeridgian										149.2
		Oxfordian										154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian										161.5
		Bathonian										165.3
		Bajocian										168.2
		Aalenian										170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian										174.7
		Pliensbachian										184.2
		Sinemurian										192.9
		Hettangian										199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian										201.4
		Norian										208.5
		Carnian										227
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian										237
	Middle Triassic	Anisian										242
	Early Triassic	Olenekian										247.2
	Early Triassic	Induan										251.2
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian				Buntsandstein						251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Longtanian †		Buntsandstein						254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller						259.51
		Wordian				Leine						264.28
		Roadian										266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian										273.01
		Artinskian										283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian										293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian										298.9
		Kasimovian			303.7
		Moscovian			307
		Bashkirian			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian			323.2
		Visean			330.9
		Tournaisian			346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian			358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian			372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian			382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian			387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian			393.3
		Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian			410.8
Silurian	Pridoli				Cayugan						419.2
	Pridoli				Niagaran						422.5 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian					Lockportian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian									430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian					Ontarian				433.4
		Aeronian									438.5
										Alexandrian	438.7 *
					Medinan		Clinton		440.1 *
									440.7 *
		Rhuddanian	440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian						443.8
		Katian						445.2
		Sandbian						453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian						467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian						470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian						477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10						485.4
		Jiangshanian						489.5
		Paibian						494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian						Series 3 †	497
		Drumian							500.5
		Wuliuan		Stage 5 †					504.5
												509