PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian Subages of Germany	Devonian Subages	Permian of the Pamirs	Cambrian of Kazakhstan	Mesozoic Subages		Silurian of England		Ordovician of Ibero-Bohemia				Ten Million Year Bins
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan																Cenozoic 6	0
		Northgrippian																	0.0042
		Greenlandian																	0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																	0.0117
		Chibanian																	0.129
		Calabrian																	0.774
		Gelasian																	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian																	7.246
		Serravallian																Cenozoic 5	11.63
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																Cenozoic 4	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																Cenozoic 4	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																Cenozoic 3	33.9
		Bartonian																Cenozoic 3	37.71
		Lutetian																Cenozoic 2	41.2
		Ypresian																Cenozoic 2	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																Cenozoic 1	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian								Cretaceous 8	66
		Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian								Cretaceous 7	72.1
		Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian								Cretaceous 6	83.6
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian								Cretaceous 5	93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian								Cretaceous 4	100.5
										Middle Albian									106.2 *
										Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian								Late Aptian								Cretaceous 3	113
		Aptian								Early Aptian								Cretaceous 3	119.5 *
		Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian								Cretaceous 2	121.4
		Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian								Cretaceous 2	125.77
		Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian								Cretaceous 1	132.6
		Berriasian								Late Berriasian									139.8
										Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
										Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							Jurassic 6	145
		Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian							Jurassic 6	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian								Jurassic 5	149.2
		Kimmeridgian								Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
		Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian								Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian								Late Bajocian									168.2
		Bajocian								Early Bajocian									168.6 *
		Aalenian								Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian								Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian									174.7
										Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
										Early Toarcian									182.9 *
		Pliensbachian								Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian								Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian								Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian								Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian								Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian								Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian								Sevatian									208.5
										Alaunian									213.2 *
										Lacian									216.7 *
		Carnian								Tuvalian								Triassic 3	227
		Carnian								Julian								Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian		Longobardian	Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian		Fassanian		239.7 *
		Anisian		Illyrian		242
				Pelsonian		243.8 *
				Bithynian		244.7 *
				Aegean		245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian		251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein	Dorashamian		Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein	Longtanian †			Dzhulfian	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller			Midian	259.51
		Wordian			Leine			Midian	264.28
		Wordian			Leine			Murgabian	266.2 *
		Roadian					Permian 3	Murgabian	266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					Kubergandian	Permian 2	273.01
		Kungurian					Bolorian		279.8
		Artinskian					Bolorian		283.5
		Artinskian					Yakhtashian		286
		Sakmarian					Sakmarian		290.1
		Asselian					Asselian	Permian 1	293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian						Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †	298.9
		Kasimovian							Mapingian †	303.7
		Kasimovian							305.9
		Moscovian						Carboniferous 4	307
		Bashkirian						Carboniferous 4	315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian						Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean						Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian						Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian						Late Famennian	Devonian 5	358.9
								Middle Famennian		365.3 *
								Early Famennian		368.5 *
		Frasnian						Late Frasnian	Devonian 4	372.2
								Middle Frasnian		375.4 *
								Early Frasnian		379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian						Late Givetian	Devonian 3	382.7
								Middle Givetian		383.7 *
								Early Givetian		385.9 *
		Eifelian						Late Eifelian		387.7
		Eifelian						Early Eifelian		390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian						Late Emsian	Devonian 2	393.3
		Emsian						Early Emsian	Devonian 2	398.3 *
		Pragian						Pragian	Devonian 1	407.6
		Lochkovian						Late Lochkovian		410.8
								Middle Lochkovian		412.8 *
								Early Lochkovian		415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Whitcliffe/Leintwardine	Silurian 2	419.2
	Pridoli								Red Downtonian/Temeside Shales/Downton Castle	Bringewood/Elton		421.3
	Ludlow	Ludfordian							Coalbrookdale	Wenlock (England)/Tickwood		423
		Gorstian										425.6
		Gorstian								Buildwas		426.4 *
	Wenlock	Homerian								Buildwas		427.4
		Homerian							Wych	Woolhope		428.4 *
		Sheinwoodian										430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian									Silurian 1	433.4
		Telychian										436.3 *
		Aeronian										438.5
		Aeronian							Cowleigh Park			439.3 *
		Rhuddanian							Cowleigh Park			440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian									Kosovian	Ordovician 5	443.8
		Katian									Kralodvorian		Bohdalec †	445.2
		Katian									Berounian			449.7 *
		Sandbian										Ordovician 4		453
														Zahorany †/Vinice	Letna †	456.2 *
													Liben †			458 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian										Ordovician 3				458.4
											Dobrotivian					458.5 *
											Oretanian					459.7 *
													Sarka †			461.7 *
		Dapingian										Klabava †	Ordovician 2			467.3
		Dapingian									Arenigian					468
	Early Ordovician	Floian									Arenigian					470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian									Ungurian	Tremadocian				Ordovician 1	477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10				Batyrbaian						Cambrian 5				485.4
		Jiangshanian				Batyrbaian										489.5
				Aksaian		490.7 *
				Sakian		492.2 *
		Paibian		Sakian		494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	Ayusokkanian	Cambrian 4						497
		Guzhangian										499.5
		Drumian			Zhanaarykian							500.5
		Drumian			Tuesaian							503
		Wuliuan			Tuesaian	Stage 5 †						Cambrian 3				504.5
		Wuliuan				Stage 5 †										505.3
	Series 2	Stage 4														509
					Toyonian		510 *
					Botomian		512.5 *
		Stage 3	Cambrian 2		Botomian		514
		Stage 3			Atdabanian		515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2			Tommotian		521
		Stage 2					525.5
		Fortunian	Cambrian 1				529
																			538.8