PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
M. Harzhauser and W. E. Piller. 2004. Integrated stratigraphy of the Sarmatian (Upper Middle Miocene) in the western Central Paratethys. Stratigraphy 1(1):65-86 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian Subages of Germany	Cambrian of North America		Silurian of the Baltic	Mesozoic Subages		Cambrian of Siberia		Central Paratethys Stages	Ordovician of North America
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																	5.333
		Tortonian												Pannonian					7.246
		Serravallian												Sarmatian					11.63
		Serravallian												Badenian					12.8 *
		Langhian																	13.82
		Burdigalian																	15.98
		Aquitanian																	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	33.9
		Bartonian																	37.71
		Lutetian																	41.2
		Ypresian																	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	56
		Selandian																	59.2
		Danian																	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian								Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian									66
		Campanian								Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian									72.1
		Santonian								Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian									83.6
		Coniacian								Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian									86.3
		Turonian								Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian									89.8
		Cenomanian								Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian									93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian								Late Albian									100.5
										Middle Albian									106.2 *
										Early Albian									109.9 *
		Aptian								Late Aptian									113
		Aptian								Early Aptian									119.5 *
		Barremian								Late Barremian/Early Barremian									121.4
		Hauterivian								Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian									125.77
		Valanginian								Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian									132.6
		Berriasian								Late Berriasian									139.8
										Middle Berriasian									140.6 *
										Early Berriasian									142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								145
		Tithonian								Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian								146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian								Late Kimmeridgian									149.2
		Kimmeridgian								Early Kimmeridgian									152.2 *
		Oxfordian								Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								154.8
		Oxfordian									Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian								157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian								Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian									161.5
		Bathonian								Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian									165.3
		Bajocian								Late Bajocian									168.2
		Bajocian								Early Bajocian									168.6 *
		Aalenian								Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian									170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian								Late Toarcian									174.7
										Middle Toarcian									180.4 *
										Early Toarcian									182.9 *
		Pliensbachian								Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian									184.2
		Sinemurian								Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian									192.9
		Hettangian								Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian									199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian																	201.4
		Norian								Sevatian									208.5
										Alaunian									213.2 *
										Lacian									216.7 *
		Carnian								Tuvalian									227
		Carnian								Julian									233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian								Longobardian									237
		Ladinian								Fassanian									239.7 *
		Anisian								Illyrian									242
										Pelsonian									243.8 *
										Bithynian									244.7 *
										Aegean									245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian		Spathian	247.2
		Olenekian		Smithian	248.9 *
		Induan		Dienerian	251.2
		Induan		Griesbachian	251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian		Buntsandstein		251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian		Buntsandstein		Longtanian †	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian				Ohre/Aller	259.51
		Wordian				Leine	264.28
		Roadian					266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian					273.01
		Artinskian					283.5
		Sakmarian					290.1
		Asselian					293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian					298.9
		Kasimovian					303.7
		Moscovian					307
		Bashkirian					315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian					323.2
		Visean	330.9
		Tournaisian	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian	372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian	387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian	393.3
		Pragian	407.6
		Lochkovian	410.8
Silurian	Pridoli		Ohesaare				419.2
	Pridoli		Kaugetuma				421.7 *
	Ludlow	Ludfordian	Kuressaare				423
		Ludfordian	Paadla				423.4 *
		Gorstian	Paadla				425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian	Rootsikula				427.4
		Homerian	Jaagarahu				429.2 *
		Sheinwoodian	Jaagarahu				430.5
		Sheinwoodian	Jaani				431.8 *
	Llandovery	Telychian	Jaani				433.4
		Telychian	Adavere				434 *
		Aeronian	Adavere				438.5
		Aeronian	Raikkula				439.4 *
		Rhuddanian	Raikkula				440.8
		Rhuddanian	Juuru				441.4 *
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian					Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian						Gamachian	445.2
								Richmondian	446 *
								Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
								Edenian		450.4 *
							Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
		Sandbian						Chatfieldian		453
								Turinian		453.7 *
							Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian									458.4
		Dapingian									467.3
		Dapingian						Rangerian			469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Ibexian	Blackhillsian		Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
		Floian						Tulean				473.9 *
		Tremadocian						Tulean				477.7
								Stairsian				480.3 *
								Skullrockian			Demingian †	482 *
											Demingian †	Mansian †	483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10							Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian			Merioneth	Dolgellian/Trempealeauan	485.4
							Sunwaptan									Dolgellian/Trempealeauan		487.5
																Festiniogian		489.2 *
		Jiangshanian																489.5
										Aksaian								490.7 *
										Sakian								492.2 *
							Steptoean											493 *
																Maentwrogian		493.1 *
		Paibian			494
		Paibian			Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian							494.7 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †	Marjumian		Albertian †		Ayusokkanian			St Davids				497
		Guzhangian							Mayan/Menevian							499.5
		Drumian				500.5			Mayan/Menevian
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	Topazan			Amgan/Solvan							504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	Delamaran										506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Waucoban †					Caerfai				509
									Toyonian	Lenian †						510 *
						Dyeran			Toyonian							511 *
									Botomian							512.5 *
		Stage 3														514
						Montezuman										514.8 *
						Montezuman			Atdabanian							515.6 *
						Begadean			Atdabanian							519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2							Tommotian							521
		Stage 2							Nemakit-Daldynian							525.5
		Fortunian							Nemakit-Daldynian	Manykaian †						529
																			538.8