PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
J. I. Raine, A. G. Beu, A. F. Boyes, H. J. Campbell, R. A. Cooper, J. S. Crampton, M. P. Crundwell, C. J. Hollis, and H. E. G. Morgans. 2015. Revised Calibration of the New Zealand Geological Timescale: NZGT2015/1. GNS Science Report 2012(39) view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
D. H. Erwin and S. A. Bowring. 2004. Cambrian time scale. view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
M. Kretzoi. 1942. Necroteuthis n. g. (Ceph. Dibr., Necroteuthidae N. F.) aus dem Oligozän von Budapest und das system der Dibranchiata. Földtani Közlöny 72:125-238 view
J. Meng and M. C. McKenna. 1998. Faunal turnovers of Paleogene mammals from the Mongolian Plateau. Nature 394:364-367 view
J. A. Lillegraven and M. C. McKenna. 1986. Fossil mammals from the "Mesaverde" Formation (Late Cretaceous, Judithian) of the Bighorn and Wind River basins, Wyoming, with definitions of Late Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal "Ages". American Museum Novitates 2840:1-68 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permian Subages of Germany	Ammonite Chrons of North America			Permian-Jurassic of New Zealand		Ordovician of Australia	Cambrian of Siberia			Ordovician of North America			Paleogene Mammal Ages of Asia		Cretaceous North American Land-Mammal Ages	Cenozoic Subepochs
Quaternary	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene																				Late Pleistocene	0.0117
		Chibanian																				Middle Pleistocene	0.129
		Calabrian																				Early Pleistocene	0.774
		Gelasian																				Early Pleistocene	1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †																			Late Pliocene	2.58
	Pliocene	Zanclean																				Early Pliocene	3.6
	Miocene	Messinian																				Late Miocene	5.333
		Tortonian																				Late Miocene	7.246
		Serravallian																				Middle Miocene	11.63
		Langhian																				Middle Miocene	13.82
		Burdigalian																				Early Miocene	15.98
		Aquitanian																				Early Miocene	20.44
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian																	Tabenbulakian	Hsandagolian		Late Oligocene	23.03
	Oligocene	Rupelian																	Kekeamuan	Hsandagolian		Early Oligocene	27.82
	Eocene	Priabonian																	Houldjinian/Ergilian/Ulangochuian			Late Eocene	33.9
		Bartonian																	Sharamurunian/Irdinmanhan/Arshantan			Middle Eocene	37.71
		Lutetian																				Middle Eocene	41.2
		Ypresian																		Bumbanian		Early Eocene	47.8
	Paleocene	Thanetian																	Gashatan			Late Paleocene	56
		Selandian																				Middle Paleocene	59.2
		Danian																				Early Paleocene	61.6
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian																			Lancian/Edmontonian		66
		Campanian																			Judithian/Aquilan		72.1
		Santonian																					83.6
		Coniacian																					86.3
		Turonian																					89.8
		Cenomanian																					93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian																					100.5
		Aptian																					113
		Barremian																					121.4
		Hauterivian																					125.77
		Valanginian																					132.6
		Berriasian																					139.8
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian								Oteke	Puaroan												145
		Kimmeridgian								Oteke	Puaroan												149.2
										Kawhia	Ohauan												150
											Heterian												154.5
		Oxfordian																					154.8
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian																					161.5
		Callovian									Temaikan												164.3
		Bathonian																					165.3
		Bajocian					Epizigzagiceras																168.2
		Bajocian					Rotundum/Oblatum/Kirschneri/Crassicostatus/Widebayense																168.4
		Aalenian					Howelli/Scissum/Westermanni																170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian					Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta																174.7
							Yakounensis/Hillebrandti/Crassicosta			Herangi	Ururoan												176
							Planulata																179.3 *
							Planulata		Arnioceras arnouldi														179.8 *
							Kanense																181.3 *
							Carlottense																182.3 *
							Kunae																183.5 *
		Pliensbachian					Kunae																184.2
							Freboldi																185.1 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi	Tetraspidoceras															186.2 *
							Whiteavesi/Imlayi				Aratauran												188.9
																							189.2 *
							Plesechioceras harbledownense/Asteroceras varians/Coroniceras	Canadensis															190.3 *
		Sinemurian																					192.9
							Pseudaetomoceras		Psiloceras														196.4 *
							Franziceras/Euphyllites																196.5 *
		Hettangian					Franziceras/Euphyllites																199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian								Balfour	Otapirian												201.4
		Norian									Warepan												208.5
											Otamitan												217
				Oretian	221
		Carnian		Oretian	227
		Carnian		Gore	Kaihikuan	227.5
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Kaihikuan	237
		Ladinian			Etalian	238
		Anisian			Etalian	242
		Anisian			Malakovian	246
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Malakovian	247.2
		Olenekian			Nelsonian	249
		Induan			Nelsonian	251.2
		Induan		DUrville	Makarewan	251.5
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian			Makarewan	Buntsandstein				251.902
		Changhsingian			Waiitian					253.2
		Wuchiapingian			Waiitian					Longtanian †	254.14
		Wuchiapingian			Puruhauan					Longtanian †	254.2
	Guadalupian	Capitanian			Ohre/Aller	Aparima				Flettian	259.51
		Wordian			Leine					Flettian	264.28
		Wordian			Leine					Barettian	266
		Roadian									266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian									273.01
		Kungurian								Mangapirian	276
		Artinskian	283.5							Mangapirian
			Telfordian							285
										288.5
		Sakmarian								290.1
		Asselian								293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								298.9
		Kasimovian								303.7
		Moscovian								307
		Bashkirian								315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian								323.2
		Visean								330.9
		Tournaisian								346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian								358.9
	Late Devonian	Frasnian								372.2
	Middle Devonian	Givetian								382.7
	Middle Devonian	Eifelian								387.7
	Early Devonian	Emsian								393.3
		Pragian								407.6
		Lochkovian								410.8
Silurian	Pridoli									419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian								423
	Ludlow	Gorstian								425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian								427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian								430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian								433.4
		Aeronian								438.5
		Rhuddanian								440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian								Bolindian	Cincinnatian	Gamachian	443.8
		Katian										Gamachian	445.2
												Richmondian	446 *
										Eastonian		Richmondian	449 *
												Maysvillian	Rocklandian †/Shermanian/Ashbyan/Kirkfieldian/Blackriveran/Wildernessian/Trentonian/Franklinian	449.8 *
												Edenian		450.4 *
											Mohawkian	Chatfieldian		451.1 *
										Gisbornian				452 *
		Sandbian												453
												Turinian		453.7 *
											Whiterockian		Canadian †	Chazyan †/Marmor	457 *
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian						Darriwilian		458.4
		Dapingian						Yapeenian		467.3
							Castlemainian	468.5 *
							Castlemainian	Rangerian	469.1 *
	Early Ordovician	Floian					Chewtonian	Ibexian	Blackhillsian	Jeffersonian †	Cassinian †	470
							Bendigonian					471.8 *
							Lancefieldian					473.5 *
									Tulean			473.9 *
		Tremadocian							Tulean			477.7
									Stairsian			480.3 *
									Skullrockian		Demingian †	482 *
							Warendian					482.8 *
							Warendian					Mansian †		483.55 *
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10								Batyrbaian	Tavgian †	Ketyan †/Yurakian				Niuchehean	Taoyuanian †	485.4
		Stage 10														Niuchehean		487.5
		Jiangshanian														Jiangshanian		489.5
										Aksaian								490.7 *
										Sakian								492.2 *
		Paibian														Paibian		494
												Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian						494.7 *
				Waergangian †/Youshuanian								Ensyan †/Maduan/Nganasanian					494.9 *
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian		Series 3 †						Ayusokkanian						Guzhangian	Wangcunian †	497
		Guzhangian								Mayan/Menevian						Guzhangian		499.5
		Drumian			Drumian					Mayan/Menevian						500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †					Amgan/Solvan						Wuliuan/Taijangian		504.5
	Series 2	Stage 4								Amgan/Solvan						Duyunian		509
										Toyonian	Lenian †							510 *
										Botomian								512.5 *
		Stage 3	Nangaoian			514				Botomian
		Stage 3	Nangaoian			Atdabanian					515.6 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2	Tommotian			Meishucunian					521
		Stage 2	Nemakit-Daldynian								525.5
		Fortunian								Manykaian †	529
		Fortunian				Jinnigian				Manykaian †	530.7
																							538.8