PBDB Timescale

Obsolete Names for ICS Units

The interval definitions in this timescale are derived from the following sources:

W. B. Harland, R. L. Armstrong, A. V. Cox, L. E. Craig, A. G. Smith and D. G. Smith. 1990. A Geologic Time Scale 1989. view
K. M. Cohen, S.C. Finney, P.L. Gibbard and J.-X. Fan. 2023. The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2023/09. view
A. G. Sennikov and V. K. Golubev. 2006. Vyazniki Biotic Assemblage of the Terminal Permian. Paleontological Journal 40(suppl. 4):S475-S481 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, M. D. Schmitz and G. M. Ogg. 2020. Geologic Time Scale 2020 view
A. D. Barnosky, M. Holmes, R. Kirchholtes, E. Lindsey, K.C. Maguire, A.W. Poust, M.A. Stegner, J. Sunseri, B. Swartz, J. Swift, N.A. Villavicencio and G. Wogan. 2014. Prelude to the Anthropocene: Two new North American Land Mammal Ages (NALMAs). The Anthropocene Review I(3):225-242 view
F. M. Gradstein, F. P. Agterberg, J. G. Ogg, J. Hardenbol, P. Van Veen, J. Thierry, and Z. Huang. 1995. A Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous time scale. SEPM Special Publication 54 view
J. Palfy, P. L. Smith, and J. K. Mortensen. 2000. A U-Pb and 40Ar/39Ar time scale for the Jurassic. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 37(6):923-944 view
F. M. Gradstein, J. G. Ogg, and A. G. Smith. 2004. A Geologic Time Scale 2004 1-589 view
F. F. Steininger, W. A. Berggren, D. V. Kent, R. L. Bernor, S. Sen and J. Agusti. 1996. Circum-Mediterranean Neogene (Miocene and Pliocene) marine-continental chronologic correlations of European mammal units. The Evolution of Western Eurasian Neogene Mammal Faunas (eds. R. L. Bernor, V. Fahlbusch, and H.-W. Mittmann) view
F. J. Prevosti, C. O. Romano, A. M. Forasiepi, S. Hemming, R. Bonini, A. M. Candela, E. Cerdeño, M. C. Madozzo Jaén, P. E. Ortiz, F. Pujos, L. Rasia, G. I. Schmidt, M. Taglioretti, R. D. E. MacPhee, and U. F. J. Pardiñas. 2021. New radiometric 40Ar–39Ar dates and faunistic analyses refine evolutionary dynamics of Neogene vertebrate assemblages in southern South America. Scientific Reports 2021(11):9830 view
J. J. Flynn and C. C. Swisher, III. 1995. Cenozoic South American Land Mammal Ages: correlation to global geochronology. Geochronology Time Scales and Global Stratigraphic Correlation, SEPM Special Publication 54:317-333 view

There are 55 timescales which overlap this one. show

Interval boundaries marked with * have been interpolated based on the differences between the ages for international timescale boundaries quoted in the source and the currently accepted ages for those boundaries.

Interval names marked with † are no longer in current use.

This timescale is used in the definition of 92 collections

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International Chronostratigraphic Timescale			Obsolete Names for ICS Units			Permo-Triassic Subages of Eastern Europe	North American Land Mammal Ages	Mesozoic Subages		Ten Million Year Bins	Obsolete Carboniferous Ages of China	European Faunal Zones	South American Land Mammal Ages
Quaternary	Holocene	Meghalayan					Saintaugustinean			Cenozoic 6					0
		Meghalayan					Santarosean								0.0004
		Northgrippian													0.0042
		Greenlandian													0.0082
	Pleistocene	Late Pleistocene											Lujanian		0.0117
		Late Pleistocene					Rancholabrean								0.014
		Chibanian					Rancholabrean								0.129
							Irvingtonian								0.21
													Ensenadan		0.3 *
		Calabrian													0.774
							Blancan								1.4
													Sanandresian	Uquian †	1.7 *
		Gelasian										MN 17	Sanandresian		1.8
Neogene	Pliocene	Piacenzian	Tertiary †									MN 16	Vorohuean		2.58
												MN 16	Chapadmalalan		2.9 *
												MN 15			3.2
		Zanclean													3.6
													Montehermosan		3.7 *
												MN 14			4.2
							Hemphillian					MN 14			4.7
												MN 13	Huayquerian		4.9 *
	Miocene	Messinian										MN 13			5.333
		Tortonian										MN 12			7.246
												MN 11			7.75
												MN 11	Chasicoan		7.9 *
												MN 10			8.7
							Clarendonian					MN 10			9.4
												MN 9			9.7
													Mayoan		9.9 *
													Laventan		10.9 *
												MN 7 + 8			11.1
		Serravallian								Cenozoic 5					11.63
							Barstovian								12.5
												MN 6			12.8 *
												MN 6	Colloncuran		13.7 *
		Langhian										MN 5	Colloncuran		13.82
		Langhian										MN 5	Friasian		15.4 *
		Burdigalian										MN 4	Friasian		15.98
													Santacrucian		16.2 *
							Hemingfordian								16.3
												MN 3			16.9
													Colhuehuapian		17.4 *
							Arikareean								18.5
												MN 2			20
		Aquitanian													20.44
													Deseadan		20.9 *
												MN 1			22.4
Paleogene	Oligocene	Chattian								Cenozoic 4					23.03
		Rupelian													27.82
													Tinguirirican		28.9 *
							Whitneyan								29.5
							Orellan								31.8
	Eocene	Priabonian					Chadronian			Cenozoic 3					33.9
							Chadronian						Divisaderan		35.9 *
							Duchesnean								37
		Bartonian					Duchesnean								37.71
		Bartonian					Uintan								39.7
		Lutetian								Cenozoic 2					41.2
													Mustersan		41.9 *
							Bridgerian								46.2
		Ypresian													47.8
													Casamayoran		47.9 *
							Wasatchian								50.5
							Clarkforkian								54.9
	Paleocene	Thanetian		Cenozoic 1	Riochican	56	Clarkforkian
					Riochican	Tiffanian	56.2
					Itaboraian		56.9 *
					Peligran		58.9 *
		Selandian					59.2
		Selandian				Torrejonian	60.9
		Danian					61.6
					Tiupampan		62.4 *
					Tiupampan	Puercan	63.8
Cretaceous	Late Cretaceous	Maastrichtian			Late Maastrichtian/Early Maastrichtian	Cretaceous 8		66
		Campanian			Late Campanian/Middle Campanian/Early Campanian	Cretaceous 7		72.1
		Santonian			Late Santonian/Middle Santonian/Early Santonian	Cretaceous 6		83.6
		Coniacian			Late Coniacian/Middle Coniacian/Early Coniacian			86.3
		Turonian			Late Turonian/Middle Turonian/Early Turonian			89.8
		Cenomanian			Late Cenomanian/Middle Cenomanian/Early Cenomanian	Cretaceous 5		93.9
	Early Cretaceous	Albian			Late Albian	Cretaceous 4		100.5
					Middle Albian			106.2 *
					Early Albian			109.9 *
		Aptian			Late Aptian	Cretaceous 3		113
		Aptian			Early Aptian	Cretaceous 3		119.5 *
		Barremian			Late Barremian/Early Barremian	Cretaceous 2		121.4
		Hauterivian			Late Hauterivian/Early Hauterivian	Cretaceous 2		125.77
		Valanginian			Late Valanginian/Early Valanginian	Cretaceous 1		132.6
		Berriasian			Late Berriasian			139.8
					Middle Berriasian			140.6 *
					Early Berriasian			142.7 *
Jurassic	Late Jurassic	Tithonian			Late Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		Jurassic 6	145
		Tithonian			Early Tithonian	Middle Tithonian		Jurassic 6	146.3 *
		Kimmeridgian			Late Kimmeridgian			Jurassic 5	149.2
		Kimmeridgian			Early Kimmeridgian				152.2 *
		Oxfordian			Late Oxfordian	Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			154.8
		Oxfordian				Middle Oxfordian/Early Oxfordian			157.9 *
	Middle Jurassic	Callovian			Late Callovian/Middle Callovian/Early Callovian				161.5
		Bathonian			Late Bathonian/Middle Bathonian/Early Bathonian			Jurassic 4	165.3
		Bajocian			Late Bajocian				168.2
		Bajocian			Early Bajocian				168.6 *
		Aalenian			Late Aalenian/Middle Aalenian/Early Aalenian			Jurassic 3	170.9
	Early Jurassic	Toarcian			Late Toarcian				174.7
					Middle Toarcian				180.4 *
					Early Toarcian				182.9 *
		Pliensbachian			Late Pliensbachian/Early Pliensbachian			Jurassic 2	184.2
		Sinemurian			Late Sinemurian/Early Sinemurian			Jurassic 1	192.9
		Hettangian			Late Hettangian/Middle Hettangian/Early Hettangian			Jurassic 1	199.5
Triassic	Late Triassic	Rhaetian						Triassic 4	201.4
		Norian			Sevatian				208.5
					Alaunian				213.2 *
					Lacian				216.7 *
		Carnian			Tuvalian			Triassic 3	227
		Carnian			Julian			Triassic 3	233.4 *
	Middle Triassic	Ladinian			Longobardian			Triassic 2	237
		Ladinian			Fassanian				239.7 *
		Anisian			Illyrian				242
					Pelsonian				243.8 *
					Bithynian				244.7 *
					Aegean				245.5 *
	Early Triassic	Olenekian			Vokhmian			Spathian	Triassic 1	247.2
		Olenekian						Smithian		248.9 *
		Induan						Dienerian		251.2
		Induan						Griesbachian		251.4 *
Permian	Lopingian	Changhsingian							Permian 4	251.902
	Lopingian	Wuchiapingian			Longtanian †					Late Vyatkian/Early Vyatkian	Zechstein	254.14
	Guadalupian	Capitanian								Late Severodvinian/Early Severodvinian	Rotliegendes	259.51
		Wordian								Late Urzhumian/Early Urzhumian		264.28
		Roadian							Late Kazanian/Early Kazanian	Permian 3		266.9
	Cisuralian	Kungurian								Permian 2		273.01
		Artinskian									Autunian	283.5
		Sakmarian										290.1
		Asselian								Permian 1		293.52
Carboniferous	Pennsylvanian	Gzhelian								Carboniferous 5	Mapingian †		298.9
		Kasimovian									Mapingian †		303.7
		Kasimovian											305.9
		Moscovian								Carboniferous 4			307
		Bashkirian								Carboniferous 4			315.2
	Mississippian	Serpukhovian	Carboniferous 3	323.2
		Visean	Carboniferous 2	330.9
		Tournaisian	Carboniferous 1	346.7
Devonian	Late Devonian	Famennian	Devonian 5	Late Famennian			358.9
				Middle Famennian			365.3 *
				Early Famennian			368.5 *
		Frasnian	Devonian 4	Late Frasnian			372.2
				Middle Frasnian			375.4 *
				Early Frasnian			379.3 *
	Middle Devonian	Givetian	Devonian 3	Late Givetian			382.7
				Middle Givetian			383.7 *
				Early Givetian			385.9 *
		Eifelian		Late Eifelian			387.7
		Eifelian		Early Eifelian			390.3 *
	Early Devonian	Emsian	Devonian 2	Late Emsian			393.3
		Emsian	Devonian 2	Early Emsian			398.3 *
		Pragian	Devonian 1	Pragian			407.6
		Lochkovian		Late Lochkovian			410.8
				Middle Lochkovian			412.8 *
				Early Lochkovian			415.6 *
Silurian	Pridoli		Silurian 2				419.2
	Ludlow	Ludfordian					423
	Ludlow	Gorstian					425.6
	Wenlock	Homerian				427.4
	Wenlock	Sheinwoodian				430.5
	Llandovery	Telychian	Silurian 1			433.4
		Aeronian				438.5
		Rhuddanian				440.8
Ordovician	Late Ordovician	Hirnantian	Ordovician 5			443.8
		Katian	Ordovician 5			445.2
		Sandbian	Ordovician 4			453
	Middle Ordovician	Darriwilian	Ordovician 3			458.4
	Middle Ordovician	Dapingian	Ordovician 2			467.3
	Early Ordovician	Floian	Ordovician 2			470
	Early Ordovician	Tremadocian	Ordovician 1			477.7
Cambrian	Furongian	Stage 10	Cambrian 5			Franconian †/Dresbachian/Millardan	485.4
		Stage 10					Sunwaptan			487.5
		Jiangshanian					Sunwaptan			489.5
		Jiangshanian					Steptoean			493 *
		Paibian					Steptoean			494
	Miaolingian	Guzhangian	Series 3 †			Cambrian 4	Marjumian			Albertian †			497
		Drumian				Cambrian 4	Marjumian						500.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †	Cambrian 3	Topazan						504.5
		Wuliuan			Stage 5 †		Delamaran						506.5
	Series 2	Stage 4					Delamaran			Waucoban †			509
		Stage 4					Dyeran						511 *
		Stage 3				Cambrian 2	Dyeran						514
							Montezuman						514.8 *
							Begadean						519.9 *
	Terreneuvian	Stage 2											521
	Terreneuvian	Fortunian				Cambrian 1		529
															538.8